{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:38:38Z","timestamp":1770755918201,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS123206-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS123206-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have demonstrated in canines that somatic nerve transfer to vesical branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) can be used for bladder reinnervation after spinal root injury. Yet, the complex anatomy of the IHP hinders the clinical application of this repair strategy. Here, using human cadavers, we clarify the spatial relationships of the vesical branches of the IHP and nearby pelvic ganglia, with the ureteral orifice of the bladder. Forty-four pelvic regions were examined in 30 human cadavers. Gross post-mortem and intra-operative approaches (open anterior abdominal, manual laparoscopic, and robot-assisted) were used. Nerve branch distances and diameters were measured after thorough visual inspection and gentle dissection, so as to not distort tissue. The IHP had between 1 to 4 vesical branches (2.33 \u00b1 0.72, mean \u00b1 SD) with average diameters of 0.51 \u00b1 0.06 mm. Vesical branches from the IHP arose from a grossly visible pelvic ganglion in 93% of cases (confirmed histologically). The pelvic ganglion was typically located 7.11 \u00b1 6.11 mm posterolateral to the ureteral orifice in 69% of specimens. With this in-depth characterization, vesical branches from the IHP can be safely located both posterolateral to the ureteral orifice and emanating from a more proximal ganglionic enlargement during surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14080794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T03:29:04Z","timestamp":1712806144000},"page":"794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomical Location of the Vesical Branches of the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus in Human Cadavers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emily P.","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6456-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley F.","family":"Bazarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Paralysis Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nucelio","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve I.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helaina N.","family":"Hurban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan B.","family":"Fecho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Visual, Performing and Communication Arts, Barton College, Wilson, NC 27893, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2600-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis","family":"Holt-Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotic Surgical Services, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel A.","family":"Pontari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0730-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise J.","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3052-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Ruggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Paralysis Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5235-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary F.","family":"Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Neurogenic bladder in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"7","author":"Taweel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. 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