{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:06:13Z","timestamp":1785783973306,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IMVARIA Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiologic usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns and concordant clinical characteristics define a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, limited expert access and high inter-clinician variability challenge early and pre-invasive diagnostic sensitivity and differentiation of IPF from other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). We investigated a machine learning-driven software system, Fibresolve, to indicate IPF diagnosis in a heterogeneous group of 300 patients with interstitial lung disease work-up in a retrospective analysis of previously and prospectively collected registry data from two US clinical sites. Fibresolve analyzed cases at the initial pre-invasive assessment. An Expert Clinical Panel (ECP) and three panels of clinicians with varying experience analyzed the cases for comparison. Ground Truth was defined by separate multi-disciplinary discussion (MDD) with the benefit of surgical pathology results and follow-up. Fibresolve met both pre-specified co-primary endpoints of sensitivity superior to ECP and significantly greater specificity (p = 0.0007) than the non-inferior boundary of 80.0%. In the key subgroup of cases with thin-slice CT and atypical UIP patterns (n = 124), Fibresolve\u2019s diagnostic yield was 53.1% [CI: 41.3\u201364.9] (versus 0% pre-invasive clinician diagnostic yield in this group), and its specificity was 85.9% [CI: 76.7\u201392.6%]. Overall, Fibresolve was found to increase the sensitivity and diagnostic yield for IPF among cases of patients undergoing ILD work-up. These results demonstrate that in combination with standard clinical assessment, Fibresolve may serve as an adjunct in the diagnosis of IPF in a pre-invasive setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14080830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T09:15:20Z","timestamp":1713345320000},"page":"830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Machine Learning System to Indicate Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Non-Invasively in Challenging Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4435-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0564, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Health Care, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9029-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Seaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bay View Analytics, 6924 Thornhill Dr, Oakland, CA 94611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angad","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMVARIA, 2930 Domingo Ave #1496, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Muelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMVARIA, 2930 Domingo Ave #1496, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Reicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMVARIA, 2930 Domingo Ave #1496, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-2-146","article-title":"Update in diagnosis and management of interstitial lung disease","volume":"17","author":"Mikolasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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