{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T08:11:48Z","timestamp":1772007108656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>TAFRO syndrome (TS) is a recently recognized and heterogenous systemic disease characterized by a confluence of symptoms: thrombocytopenia (T), anasarca (A), fever (F), reticulin myelofibrosis (R), and organomegaly (O). First described in Japan in 2010, the pathogenesis remains unclear and includes various clinical conditions such as malignancies, rheumatologic disorders, infections, and \u201cPolyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal plasma cell disorder, and Skin changes\u201d (POEMS) syndrome. Due to its heterogeneous presentation and potential life-threatening delays in diagnosis, accurate diagnosis is crucial. According to the literature, no specific imaging modality has been recommended for the work-up of patients with suspected TS. Here, we report a case of TS and its management using 18F-FDG-PET\/CT imaging as an attractive complementary diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14101025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T03:24:48Z","timestamp":1715829888000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TAFRO Syndrome on 18F-FDG-PET\/CT: An Appealing Diagnostic Tool"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0766-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayoub","family":"Jaafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brussels University Hospital (H.U.B), 1070 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadim","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, C.H.U Brugmann, 1020 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soha\u00efb","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, C.H.U Brugmann, 1020 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00eff-Eddine","family":"El Bouhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, C.H.U Brugmann, 1020 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Attou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, C.H.U Brugmann, 1020 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia with mild bone marrow fibrosis accompanied by fever, pleural effusion, ascites and hepatosplenomegaly","volume":"51","author":"Takai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rinsho Ketsueki"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-3138-z","article-title":"A comparison of TAFRO syndrome between Japanese and non-Japanese cases: A case report and literature review","volume":"97","author":"Coutier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26292","article-title":"Validated international definition of the thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly clinical subtype (TAFRO) of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease","volume":"96","author":"Nishimura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24242","article-title":"Clinicopathologic analysis of TAFRO syndrome demonstrates a distinct subtype of HHV-8-negative multicentric Castleman disease","volume":"91","author":"Iwaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-016-1979-1","article-title":"Proposed diagnostic criteria, disease severity classification and treatment strategy for TAFRO syndrome, 2015 version","volume":"103","author":"Masaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.53.101","article-title":"A case of multicentric Castleman\u2019s disease of mixed-type, which showed a constellation of symptoms, i.e., thrombocytopenia, anasarca, anemia, fever, myelofibrosis, and lymphadenopathy","volume":"53","author":"Awano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-862334","article-title":"International, evidence-based consensus treatment guidelines for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease","volume":"132","author":"Voorhees","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.05.007","article-title":"CT findings in 11 patients with TAFRO syndrome: A variant of multicentric Castleman\u2019s disease","volume":"72","author":"Kiguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takai, K. (2024). TAFRO Syndrome: A Syndrome or a Subtype of Multicentric Castleman Disease?. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030652"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06919-1","article-title":"Computed tomography findings of early-stage TAFRO syndrome and associated adrenal abnormalities","volume":"30","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rlu.0000178029.47624.66","article-title":"Myelofibrosis on F-18 FDG PET Imaging","volume":"30","author":"Burrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.166348","article-title":"Serial 18F-FDG PET for monitoring treatment response after allogeneic stem cell trans-plantation for myelofibrosis","volume":"57","author":"Derlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18733","article-title":"Value of 18F-FDG PET\/CT Combined with Tumor Markers in the Evaluation of Ascites","volume":"210","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.056382","article-title":"The role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in the evaluation of ascites of undetermined origin","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behnia, F., Elojeimy, S., Matesan, M., and Fajgenbaum, D.C. (2016). Potential Value of FDG Pet-CT in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of TAFRO Syn-Drome\u2014Annals of Hematology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-016-2875-8"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002278","article-title":"FDG PET\/CT findings in TAFRO syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Hotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"253","article-title":"TAFRO Syndrome: A Case Report from Turkey and Review of the Literature","volume":"12","author":"Duman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol. Stem Cell Res."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/10\/1025\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:43:04Z","timestamp":1760107384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/10\/1025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14101025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14101025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]}}}