{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:02:11Z","timestamp":1789070531244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case concentrates on the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), a rare vascular anomaly which contributes to central venous catheter (CVC) misplacement. A 72-year-old woman with renal insufficiency presented to the hospital with recurrent bleeding from her permanent CVC device placed in the right common jugular vein. An initial attempt to replace the device was unsuccessful, necessitating the placement of a secondary catheter in the left jugular vein. Shortly after the procedure, the patient developed swelling of the face and neck. Further diagnostic imaging, including a chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT), revealed CVC misplacement in the PLSVC and coronary sinus, thrombosis of the common jugular vein, and a posterior mediastinal hematoma. Conservative therapy of the mediastinal hematoma was implemented and proved effective in this case. A temporary CVC was inserted into the left femoral vein. Two months later, the catheter underwent further dysfunction and a decision was made to place a long-term permanent CVC via the right femoral vein. The patient is currently awaiting an arteriovenous fistula for dialysis use. This case emphasizes the importance of radiological techniques for CVC procedural placement, as well as the detection of congenital abnormalities. Providers regularly placing CVCs should have an in-depth knowledge of the possible complications and potential anatomical variations, especially as seen in high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14101038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T06:53:49Z","timestamp":1715928829000},"page":"1038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Malposition of Central Venous Catheter into Coronary Sinus throughout the Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Other Complications Related to Catheterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Syska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Group, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"Veer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Group, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja S.","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw D.","family":"Jarczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Krzanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6697-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz J.","family":"Popiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kolikof, J., Peterson, K., and Baker, A.M. (2022). Central Venous Catheter, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572547","article-title":"Update on Insertion and Complications of Central Venous Catheters for Hemodialysis","volume":"33","author":"Bream","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729820969328","article-title":"Presence of retained calcified fibrin sheath after central venous catheter removal: A systematic literature review","volume":"23","author":"Matusik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Access"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes497","article-title":"Misplaced central venous catheters: Applied anatomy and practical management","volume":"110","author":"Gibson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.173525","article-title":"Malposition of Central Venous Catheter: Presentation and Management","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.7.26248","article-title":"Central Venous Catheter Intravascular Malpositioning: Causes, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Correction","volume":"16","author":"Roldan","year":"2015","journal-title":"West. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.09.009","article-title":"Central Venous Catheters for Hemodialysis-the Myth and the Evidence","volume":"6","author":"Sohail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000127890.47187.91","article-title":"Relationship between chest port catheter tip position and port malfunction after interventional radiologic placement","volume":"15","author":"Schutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02551-0","article-title":"Magnetic Tracking and Electrocardiography-Guided Tip Confirmation System Versus Fluoroscopy for Placement of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Randomized, Noninferiority Comparison","volume":"43","author":"Mack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729820982864","article-title":"Use of intracavitary-ECG for tip location of femorally inserted central catheters","volume":"23","author":"Weber","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vasc. 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