{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:46:15Z","timestamp":1791852375650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine arteriovenous malformations are a rare cause of puerperal haemorrhage, but their incidence is increasing due to both improved diagnosis and the more frequent use of uterine surgery in recent years. The use of ultrasound, both B-mode and Doppler, is recommended for diagnosis and follow-up, as it has been shown to be the simplest and most cost-effective method. Endometrial thickening associated with an anechoic and vascular intramiometrial structure is very useful for diagnosis and can help to exclude other causes of dysfunctional bleeding. Pulsed Doppler shows low-resistance vessels and high pulsatility indices with a high peak systolic velocity (PSV). In a healthy myometrium, the vessels have a peak systolic velocity of 9\u201340 cm\/s and a resistance index between 0.6 and 0.8, whereas in the case of AVMs, the systolic and diastolic velocities are 4\u20136 times higher (PSV 25\u2013110 cm\/s with a mean of 60 cm\/s and a resistance index of 0.27\u20130.75 with a mean of 0.41). For treatment, we must individualise each case, taking into account haemodynamic stability, the patient\u2019s reproductive wishes, and the severity of the AVM as assessed by its size and PSV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:04:25Z","timestamp":1716455065000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Clavero Bertomeu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Castro Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-3273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Conde de Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0047","article-title":"Uterine arteriovenous malformation-diagnosis and management","volume":"89","author":"Breborowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ginekol. 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