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Advanced imaging modalities have facilitated the in vivo detection of various components of MS pathogenesis, and, in recent years, MRI biomarkers have been utilized to assess the response of patients with relapsing\u2013remitting MS to the available treatments. Similarly, MRI indicators of neurodegeneration demonstrate potential as primary and secondary endpoints in clinical trials targeting progressive phenotypes. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements in brain and spinal cord neuroimaging in MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T13:32:55Z","timestamp":1716903175000},"page":"1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Advanced MRI Techniques: Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Nistri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8433-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ianniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Pozzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costanza","family":"Giann\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6360-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Pozzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"MS Center Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez, A.L., O\u2019Connor, K.C., and Hafler, D.A. 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