{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:31:17Z","timestamp":1776353477944,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been well investigated in recent years. Data regarding PC evolution in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) are, however, scarce. Most features that raise the suspicion of PC in PHPT are part of the usual SHPT evolution in CKD, mirroring the natural changes undergone by the parathyroid glands. Therefore, pre-surgically establishing the malignant or benign character of the lesions is cumbersome. We present two cases of PC in end-stage renal disease, one of which was bilateral, diagnosed after total parathyroidectomy in a high-volume parathyroid surgery center. A literature review of the data was also performed. A systematic search of the PubMed\/MEDLINE database until January 2024 identified 42 cases of PC associated with SHPT. Understanding the PC features in CKD might improve associated bone and mineral disease management, and reduce the risk of metastasis, parathyromatosis, or recurrence. Irradiation, prolonged immunosuppression, long dialysis vintage, and genotype may predispose to the malignant transformation of chronically stimulated parathyroids. Despite postsurgical diagnosis, favorable outcomes occurred when distant metastases were absent, even without \u201cen bloc\u201d resection. Further research is warranted to delineate specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches tailored to this particular patient subpopulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T06:58:07Z","timestamp":1716965887000},"page":"1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coincidence or Causality: Parathyroid Carcinoma in Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Stefana Catalina","family":"Bilha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dumitru D.","family":"Branisteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles E. Smith College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Claudia","family":"Teodoriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Hristov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Elytis Hospital Hope, 700010 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letitia","family":"Leustean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria-Christina","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4761-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia Gabriela","family":"Apostol Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Preda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Velicescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Hospital, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220287","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0287","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma: A State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"30","author":"Roser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2023.103843","article-title":"Parathyroid Carcinoma: Current Management and Outcomes\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"44","author":"McInerney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.01.011","article-title":"Parathyroid Carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Dudney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. 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