{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:05:02Z","timestamp":1768277102545,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lumbar back pain is one of the main causes of disability around the world. Most patients will complain of back pain at least once in their lifetime. The degenerative spine is considered the main cause and is extremely common in the elderly population. Consequently, treatment-related costs are a major burden to the healthcare system in developed and undeveloped countries. After the failure of conservative treatments or to avoid daily chronic drug intake, invasive treatments should be suggested. In a world where many patients reject surgery and prefer minimally invasive procedures, interventional radiology is pivotal in pain management and could represent a bridge between medical therapy and surgical treatment. We herein report the different image-guided procedures that can be used to manage degenerative spine-related low back pain. Particularly, we will focus on indications, different techniques, and treatment outcomes reported in the literature. This literature review focuses on the different minimally invasive percutaneous treatments currently available, underlining the central role of radiologists having the capability to use high-end imaging technology for diagnosis and subsequent treatment, allowing a global approach, reducing unnecessary surgeries and prolonged pain-reliever drug intake with their consequent related complications, improving patients\u2019 quality of life, and reducing the economic burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1717056954000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Treatment Options for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease: A Practical Overview of Current Possibilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2699-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Taninokuchi Tomassoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Radiology Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant\u2019Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Braccischi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Radiology Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant\u2019Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Adduci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Calautti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Girolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2834-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ruffilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3992-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Manzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ponti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2858-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George R.","family":"Matcuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mosconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant\u2019Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0424-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6060-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Spinnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, 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