{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:54:34Z","timestamp":1785207274963,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Petrified ear (PE), an exceptional entity, stands for the calcification \u00b1 ossification of auricular cartilage (CAC\/OAC); its pathogenic traits are still an open matter. Endocrine panel represents one of the most important; yet, no standard protocol of assessments is available. Our objective was to highlight most recent PE data and associated endocrine (versus non-endocrine) ailments in terms of presentation, imagery tools, hormonal assessments, biopsy, outcome, pathogenic features. This was a comprehensive review via PubMed search (January 2000\u2013March 2024). A total of 75 PE subjects included: 46 case reports\/series (N = 49) and two imagery-based retrospective studies (N = 26) with CAC\/OAC prevalence of 7\u201323% (N = 251) amid routine head\/temporal bone CT scans. Endocrine PE (EPE): N = 23, male\/female ratio = 10.5; average age = 56.78, ranges: 22\u201379; non-EPE cohort: N = 26; male\/female ratio = 1.88, mean age = 49.44; ranges: 18\u201375 (+a single pediatric case).The longest post-diagnosis follow-up was of 6\u20137 years. The diagnosis of PE and endocrine anomalies was synchronous or not (time gap of 10\u201320 years). A novel case in point (calcified EPE amid autoimmune poly-endocrine syndrome type 2 with a 10-year post-diagnosis documented follow-up) was introduced. We re-analyzed EPE and re-classified another five subjects as such. Hence, the final EPE cohort (N = 50) showed: adrenal insufficiency was the most frequent endocrine condition (36%) followed by hypopituitarism (22%) and hypothyroidism (18%); 39% of the patients with adrenal failure had Addison\u2019s disease; primary type represented 72% of all cases with hypothyroidism; an endocrine autoimmune (any type) component was diagnosed in 18%. We propose the term of \u201cendocrine petrified ear\u201d and a workflow algorithm to assess the potential hormonal\/metabolic background in PE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14121303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T11:47:17Z","timestamp":1718797637000},"page":"1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification\/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Valea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2274-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu","family":"Nistor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4402-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai-Lucian","family":"Ciobica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana-Claudia","family":"Sima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cC.I. Parhon\u201d National Institute of Endocrinology, 011683 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Carsote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cC.I. Parhon\u201d National Institute of Endocrinology, 011683 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247186","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-247186","article-title":"Petrified ears due to auricular ossification: An underreported clinical sign in acromegaly","volume":"15","author":"Awasthi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP543","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211028087","article-title":"An Unusual Case of Stubborn Petrified Pinna","volume":"102","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"33","article-title":"Verknocherung der aurecula","volume":"89","author":"Bochdalek","year":"1886","journal-title":"Prag Vierteljahrschr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13698","article-title":"Unilateral petrified ear","volume":"44","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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