{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T14:45:46Z","timestamp":1783003546866,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary actinomycosis is an uncommon clinical entity that can be challenging to diagnose due to its non-specific symptomatology. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment may result in invasive procedures and extended antimicrobial treatment courses. We report a case involving a 65-year-old female with poor oral dentition admitted for acute respiratory failure subsequently found to have a left-sided pleural effusion and perihepatic abscess formation. Cytopathology examination and microbiology studies confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T04:23:43Z","timestamp":1719980623000},"page":"1421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pulmonary Actinomycosis in a 65-Year-Old Female with Poor Oral Dentition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sha","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabindra","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Sporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"},{"name":"ECU Health, ECU Physicians-Pathology, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann T.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"},{"name":"ECU Health, ECU Physicians-Pathology, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora A.","family":"Lebron Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John E.","family":"Markantonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.97.2.589-593.1969","article-title":"Characterization of Actinomyces israelii serotypes 1 and 2","volume":"97","author":"Brock","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.004","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of pulmonary actinomycosis","volume":"16","author":"Boot","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00100-14","article-title":"Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections","volume":"28","author":"Wade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Nagy, E., McAdam, A., Carroll, K.C., and Pfaller, M.A. (2023). Anaerobic Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Rods. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, ASM Press. [13th ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/www.clinmicronow.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1128\/9781683670438.MCM.ch54."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3442-3448.2002","article-title":"Genotypic diversity of clinical Actinomyces species: Phenotype, source, and disease correlation among genospecies","volume":"40","author":"Clarridge","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Schuetz, A.N., Leber, A.L., and Burnham, C.D. (2023). Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, ASM Press. [5th ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/www.clinmicronow.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1128\/9781683670438.CMPH.ch4.14."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Hashmi, M.F., and Valentino, I.D. (2024). Actinomycosis. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing LLC."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23816","article-title":"The cytopathology of Actinomyces, Nocardia, and their mimickers","volume":"45","author":"McHugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02872-15","article-title":"Species-Level Identification of Actinomyces Isolates Causing Invasive Infections: Multiyear Comparison of Vitek MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) to Partial Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene","volume":"54","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/13\/1421\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:09:27Z","timestamp":1760108967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/13\/1421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14131421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14131421","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]}}}