{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:48:55Z","timestamp":1761767335178,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 43-year-old patient with a history of uterine fibromatosis was referred to our hospital for menometrorrhagia and pelvic pain. At the pelvic ultrasound, a highly-vascularized myometrial lesion in volumetric increase was described. An elongated, solid, hypoechoic, painless, and highly vascularized left parauterine mass was identified. On histological examination, a uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) with intravascular invasion of the left uterine vein was diagnosed. The adnexa and peritoneum were free of disease. On a retrospective evaluation of the ultrasound images, we noticed that the intravascular lesion showed sonographic features comparable to the original mass. Moreover, the Color Doppler (CD) analysis revealed an interrupted blood flow within the left uterine vein. In this case, the ultrasound proved to be an accurate diagnostic tool. When inhomogeneous uterine masses are suspected, and a parauterine\/paraadnexal mass surrounded by irregular vessels are identified, the sonographer should take into account a risk of intravascular invasion. The patency of uterine and ovarian vessels should be accurately evaluated, to guide a tailored patient surgical approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1720414369000},"page":"1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasound Appearance of Intravascular Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP): A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Montik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Grelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Filosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Goteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Di Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2932-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Natalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8037-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciavattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board (2020). WHO Classification of Female Genital Tumours, International Agency for Research on Cancer. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Giuseppe, J., Grelloni, C., Giuliani, L., Delli Carpini, G., Giannella, L., and Ciavattini, A. (2022). Recurrence of uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: A systematic review of the literature. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092323"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.07.002","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential: A challenging question","volume":"154","author":"Gadducci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040","article-title":"Ultrasound and clinical characteristics of uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs)","volume":"251","author":"Cotrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.08.010","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (stump): A retrospective study in a single center","volume":"265","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20386","article-title":"Can gray-scale and color doppler sonography differentiate between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma?","volume":"35","author":"Exacoustos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24998","article-title":"Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI in the differentiation between uterine leiomyosarcoma\/smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential and benign leiomyoma","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7890241","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7890241","article-title":"Presurgical identification of uterine smooth muscle malignancies through the characteristic FDG uptake pattern on PET scans","volume":"2018","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-13-3533","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: Echocardiographic Study and Literature Review","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tex. Heart Inst. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15013","article-title":"Clinical analysis of uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis: A retrospective study of 260 cases","volume":"47","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14806","article-title":"Terms, definitions and measurements to describe sonographic features of myometrium and uterine masses: A consensus opinion from the morphological uterus sonographic assessment (MUSA) Group","volume":"46","author":"Dueholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16913","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016913","article-title":"Ultrasound appearance of intravenous leiomyomatosis: A case report","volume":"98","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24228","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024228","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: A case series","volume":"100","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/13\/1438\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:11:00Z","timestamp":1760109060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/13\/1438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14131438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14131438","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]}}}