{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:51Z","timestamp":1787027931731,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder, and its management is critical. However, it is extremely difficult to assess its subjective symptoms when patients are unable to report them due to cognitive or physical disabilities, especially in cases of patients with incurable geriatric, pediatric, palliative, psychiatric, or neurological diseases. We had previously established a protocol for observing and assessing rectal fecal retention using ultrasonography and for classifying cases into three categories based on the rectal findings: no fecal retention, fecal retention without hard stools, and fecal retention with hard stools. However, although the detection of rectal fecal retention using ultrasonography would be expected to lead to better therapeutic management, there is no standard algorithm for selecting specific treatments and defecation care options based on ultrasonographic findings. Therefore, we organized an expert consensus meeting of multidisciplinary professionals to develop such an algorithm based on rectal ultrasonography findings for patients with constipation in both residential and hospital settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14141510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T08:35:17Z","timestamp":1721032517000},"page":"1510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expert Consensus Document: An Algorithm for the Care and Treatment of Patients with Constipation Based on Ultrasonographic Findings in the Rectum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaomi","family":"Kessoku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine and Gastroenterology, International University Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852, Hatakeda, Narita 286-0124, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, International University Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita 286-0048, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama 221-0835, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, 1-1 Gakuendai, Kahoku 929-1210, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Misawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, 18-16, Kawahara-cho, Hakodate 041-8512, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Cancer Screening Center, Public Interest Foundation Hokkaido Cancer Society, 1-15, Kita-26 Higashi-14, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0026, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Yokohama 221-0835, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Toriumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Yokohama 221-0835, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Onodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, Hokkaido 041-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital, Kumamoto 862-0971, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ultrasound and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Sugama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matsushima Hospital Proctology Center, 9-11, Honcho, Tobe, Nishi-Ward, Yokohama 220-0041, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mototsugu","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Cancer Screening Center, Public Interest Foundation Hokkaido Cancer Society, 1-15, Kita-26 Higashi-14, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0026, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5010-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriaki","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama 700-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, 1-1 Gakuendai, Kahoku 929-1210, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-1436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.028","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Technical Review on constipation","volume":"144","author":"Bharucha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2009.06.001","article-title":"Chronic constipation in the 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