{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:51Z","timestamp":1787027931572,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Generation Z and millennials in Saudi Arabia both experienced the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying factors that may have had an impact on the incidence of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) in both generations. This study aims to explore how prevalent FGIDs are among adolescents and their parents. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional, school-based study conducted in public high schools for boys and girls in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We adapted 37 items from the ROME IV Diagnostic Questionnaires for children and adults, as well as other questionnaires. IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 28.0) was used. Results: Generation Z showed a higher prevalence of FGIDs (33.5%, n = 126) in comparison with millennials (20.0%, n = 28). In both generations, the most prevalent FGID was functional constipation; the least prevalent were irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal migraine, with no significant change in the severity or frequency of symptoms during the pandemic. The type of commonly consumed beverages was a risk factor for FGIDs. Participants in generation Z were less likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (67.4%) to prevent diseases and enhance immunity compared with millennials (82.9%). Conclusions: The study results confirmed disparities in the prevalence of FGIDs between the two generations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research in other areas of Saudi Arabia. Recognizing the differences between the millennial parents and the generation Z high schoolers could assist health professionals in planning individualized, generation-based interventions and educators in designing and tailoring programs based on generational differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T12:27:43Z","timestamp":1722256063000},"page":"1630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases and the Accompanied Differences in Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns: A Two-Generational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham A.","family":"Aljaaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medical Nutrition Therapy Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai A.","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Obesity and Lifestyle Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000485407","article-title":"Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Complex Treatments for Complex Pathophysiological Mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Mearin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32115-2","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders: Advances in understanding and management","volume":"396","author":"Black","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"159","article-title":"Identification of sub-groups of functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"3","author":"Drossman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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