{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:54:17Z","timestamp":1783457657668,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"President\u2019s Research Fellowship Scholarship at South East Technological University Carlow"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterised by the breakdown of cartilage, causing pain, stiffness, and limited movement. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management but remains challenging due to non-specific early symptoms. This study explores the application of Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) to classify OA patients and healthy volunteers based on biomarker concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO). DFA was employed to analyse biomarker data from 86 participants (58 patients, 28 volunteers) to evaluate the discriminatory power of these biomarkers in predicting OA. Significant differences were observed in MPO and TNF-\u03b1 levels between groups, while IL-6 did not show a significant distinction. The iterative classification process improved model assumptions and classification accuracy, achieving a pre-classification accuracy of 71.8%, which adjusted to 57.1% post-classification. The results highlight DFA\u2019s potential in OA diagnosis, suggesting its utility in managing complex data and aiding personalised treatment strategies. The study underscores the need for larger sample sizes and additional biomarkers to enhance diagnostic robustness and provides a foundation for integrating DFA into clinical practice for early OA detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T08:14:46Z","timestamp":1722500086000},"page":"1660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Utilising Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) for Classifying Osteoarthritis (OA) Patients and Volunteers Based on Biomarker Concentration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5788-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Jane","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthCORE, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, South East Technological University, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9438-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Aut Even Hospital, R95 D370 Kilkenny, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary","family":"O\u2019Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu464","article-title":"Obesity and osteoarthritis, more than just wear and tear: Pivotal roles for inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia in obesity-induced osteoarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Thijssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Robust Linear Discriminant Analysis with Modified One-Step M-Estimator Qn Scale for Classifying Financial Distress in Banks: Case Study","volume":"25","author":"Putri","year":"2024","journal-title":"EKSAKTA Berk. 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