{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:25:47Z","timestamp":1791516347542,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kathryn H. and Roger Penske Career Development Award"},{"name":"2018 Research Career Support and Advancement Award, Office of Research Diversity and Inclusion, Mayo Clinic Arizona"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Children\u2019s Research Center Mentored CR40 Award"},{"name":"Karalis Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tools used for the identification, evaluation, and monitoring of concussion have not been sufficiently studied in youth or real-world settings. Normative and reliability data on sideline concussion assessment measures in the youth athlete population is needed. Pre-season normative data for 515 athletes (93.5% male) aged 5 to 16 on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC\/SAC-Child), modified Balance Errors Scoring System (mBESS), Timed Tandem Gait (TTG), and the King\u2013Devick Test (KDT) are provided. A total of 212 non-injured athletes repeated the measures post-season to assess test\u2013retest reliability. Mean performance on the SAC-C, mBESS, TTG, and KDT tended to improve with age. KDT was the only measure that demonstrated good to excellent stability across age ranges (ICC = 0.758 to 0.941). Concentration was the only SAC\/SAC-C subtest to demonstrate moderate test\u2013retest stability (ICC = 0.503 to 0.706). TTG demonstrated moderate to good (ICC = 0.666 to 0.811) reliability. mBESS demonstrated poor to moderate reliability (ICC = \u22120.309 to 0.651). Commonly used measures of concussion vary regarding test\u2013retest reliability in youth. The data support the use of at least annual sport concussion baseline assessments in the pediatric population to account for the evolution in performance as the child ages. Understanding the variation in the stability and the evolution of baseline performance will enable improved identification of possible injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T08:14:46Z","timestamp":1722500086000},"page":"1661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Baseline Normative and Test\u2013Retest Reliability Data for Sideline Concussion Assessment Measures in Youth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2911-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer V.","family":"Wethe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Bogle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Dodick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marci D.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Rach","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Butterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Buras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Talaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2013Devick Technologies, Chicago, IL 60522, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Soma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaal J.","family":"Starling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.11.003","article-title":"Concussion Incidence, Duration, and Return to School and Sport in 5- to 14-Year-Old American Football Athletes","volume":"207","author":"Chrisman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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