{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:41:59Z","timestamp":1781732519105,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara and Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango","award":["101463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101463"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cleft lip and palate is an anomaly that affects both women and men. It is considered to be among the most frequent congenital abnormalities and is related to modifications in chromosomal DNA and multiple genetic alterations. This anomaly can also be associated with various environmental factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, medication use, and exposure to different environmental and industrial toxic substances. The objective of this study was to document the frequency of risk factors related to cleft lip and palate through a systematic review of Mexican studies. Methods: In this systematic review, a bibliographic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in the databases Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and EBSCO. Keywords related to cleft lip and palate, epidemiology, and risk factors were used. In all, 3 independent reviewers (J.A.S.L., S.L.V., and N.M.F.) selected and evaluated a total of 17 articles included in this analysis, achieving a coefficient of \u03ba = 0.84. Results: The analysis revealed that the highest frequency of conducted studies was in the State of Mexico. The most common risk factors identified were environmental, pharmacological, consumption habits, and gynecological factors. Conclusions: Identifying the main risk factors for cleft lip and palate in the Mexican population will enable the implementation of preventive measures aimed at reducing exposure to these factors. Additionally, early intervention can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14161753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T08:54:08Z","timestamp":1723452848000},"page":"1753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Frequency of Risk Factors for Cleft Lip and Palate in Mexico: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8397-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"L\u00f3pez-Verd\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Research Institute of Dentistry, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8489-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith A.","family":"Solorzano-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Research Institute of Dentistry, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronell","family":"Bologna-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay"},{"name":"Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34070, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-053X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Molina-Frechero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Xochimilco, M\u00e9xico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Tremillo-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34070, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor H.","family":"Toral-Rizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Toluca de Lerdo 50000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogelio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34070, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13880","article-title":"Environmental factors in non-syndromic orofacial clefts: A review based on meta-analyses results","volume":"28","author":"Suazo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7172","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095328","article-title":"Association of Parental Environmental Exposures and Supplementation Intake with Risk of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Case-Control Study in Heilongjiang Province, China","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"NIH (2024, June 10). 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