{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:19:59Z","timestamp":1788830399755,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Penile cancer, while rare, is a critical public health issue due to its profound impact on patients and the complexities of its management. The disease\u2019s multifactorial etiology includes risk factors such as HPV infection, poor hygiene, smoking, genetic predispositions, and socioeconomic determinants. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of these diverse risk factors, aiming to enhance understanding of the disease\u2019s underlying causes. By elucidating these factors, the article seeks to inform and improve prevention strategies, early detection methods, and therapeutic interventions. A nuanced grasp of the multifactorial nature of penile cancer can enable healthcare professionals to develop more effective approaches to reducing incidence rates and improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14161790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T06:23:20Z","timestamp":1723789400000},"page":"1790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exploring the Multifactorial Landscape of Penile Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ugo","family":"Amicuzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AORN Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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