{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:52:20Z","timestamp":1778863940032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm. Currently, there are few reliable and widely used prognostic biomarkers of this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of blood-, tissue- and urine-based biomarkers in patients with UTUC. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases. Case reports, editorials and non-peer-reviewed literature were excluded from the analysis. As a result, 94 articles were included in this review. We evaluated the impact of 22 blood-based, 13 tissue-based and 4 urine-based biomarkers and their influence on survival outcomes. The neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio, albumin, C-reactive protein, De Ritis ratio, renal function and fibrinogen, which are currently mentioned in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, are well researched and most probably allow for a reliable prognosis estimate. However, our review highlights a number of other promising biomarkers that could potentially predict oncological outcomes in patients with UTUC. Nonetheless, the clinical value of some prognostic factors remains uncertain due to the lack of comprehensive studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14171927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T06:51:17Z","timestamp":1725259877000},"page":"1927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Blood-, Tissue- and Urine-Based Prognostic Biomarkers of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"\u0141aszkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Krajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"S\u00f3jka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4273-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9792-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Chorbi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4176-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Daniel","family":"Subiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1073-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Tomczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Ma\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szyde\u0142ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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