{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:45Z","timestamp":1760146065595,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok","award":["B.SUB.24.290","SUB\/1\/DN\/20\/003\/1124","SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/001\/1124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.24.290","SUB\/1\/DN\/20\/003\/1124","SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/001\/1124"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Valve-in-Valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a viable therapeutic option for structural valve degeneration following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or prior TAVI. However, the understanding of long-term complications and their management remains limited. Case presentation: We present the case of a 69-year-old male with a history of ViV-TAVI, who presented with symptoms of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Computed tomography (CT) revealed thrombosis of the ascending aortic graft and aortic valve prosthesis. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) further confirmed new valve dysfunction, indicated by an increase in the aortic valve mean gradient. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) resulted in partial thrombus resolution. The multidisciplinary Heart Team opted against coronary angiography and recommended the long-term administration of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Follow-up CT showed the complete resolution of the thrombus. Conclusions: Thrombosis of the aortic graft and aortic valve following ViV-TAVI may be attributed to alterations in blood flow or mechanical manipulations during the TAVI procedure, yet it can be effectively managed with VKA therapy. CT is a valuable tool in coronary assessment in patients with NSTEMI and aortic valve and\/or aortic graft thrombosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14182070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1726716860000},"page":"2070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Aortic Prosthesis and Aortic Valve Bioprosthesis Trombosis as a Late Complication in Patients after the Bentall Procedure Followed by a Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Muszy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, \u017burawia 14, 15-569 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Grunwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Po\u0142udniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kralisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Koca\u0144da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Hirnle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Dobrzycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-7455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Ko\u017cuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"43","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e72","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac242","article-title":"Apixaban vs. standard of care after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: The ATLANTIS trial","volume":"43","author":"Collet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30532","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulant versus antiplatelet therapy following transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients without prior or concurrent indication for anticoagulation: A meta-analysis of randomized studies","volume":"101","author":"Peixoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111016","article-title":"Edoxaban versus Vitamin K Antagonist for Atrial Fibrillation after TAVR","volume":"385","author":"Mieghem","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.08.010","article-title":"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Thrombosis: Incidence, Predisposing Factors, and Clinical Implications","volume":"68","author":"Hansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.10.050","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic valves produce unphysiological flows which may contribute to thromboembolic events: An in-vitro study","volume":"49","author":"Ducci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.06.028","article-title":"Transcatheter Aortic Heart Valves: Histological Analysis Providing Insight to Leaflet Thickening and Structural Valve Degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Sellers","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy424","article-title":"Valve-in-valve-prosthesis embolization and aortic dissection: Single procedure, double complication","volume":"56","author":"Szlapka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction associated with prosthetic valve leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A case report","volume":"4","author":"Thiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/18\/2070\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:59:10Z","timestamp":1760111950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/18\/2070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14182070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14182070","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]}}}