{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T02:17:41Z","timestamp":1781921861160,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro","award":["24519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24519"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance has been developed and utilized over the last decade to provide the loco-regional treatment of solid and cystic pancreatic neoplastic lesions. The advantage of this approach relies on the close proximity of the EUS transducer to the target pancreatic lesion, which, coupled with the development of specifically designed RFA ablation devices, has made the procedure minimally invasive, with a clear reduction in adverse events as compared to the high morbidity of the surgical approach. EUS-RFA has been applied so far to pancreatic functional and non-functional neuroendocrine neoplasms, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or metastases to the pancreas, and pancreatic neoplastic cysts. Excluding neuroendocrine tumors, for other indications, most of these procedures have been performed in patients who refused surgery or were at high surgical risk. More studies evaluating EUS-RFA in selected patients, not at surgical risk, are gradually becoming available and will pave the road to extend the indications for this therapeutic approach, also in association with other oncological therapies. The present manuscript will critically review the available evidence in the field of the EUS-guided RFA of solid and cystic pancreatic neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14192111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1727168057000},"page":"2111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["EUS-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Pancreatic Neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mihai","family":"Rimba\u0219","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andra-Cristiana","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Tripodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"CERTT, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Larghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"CERTT, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.10.028","article-title":"Comparing the burden of pancreatic fistulas after pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy","volume":"159","author":"McMillan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1053\/ge.1999.v50.98847","article-title":"EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation in the pancreas: Results in a porcine model","volume":"50","author":"Goldberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.08.006","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of EUS-guided cryothermal ablation in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"76","author":"Arcidiacono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.09.007","article-title":"Phase 1 study of EUS-guided photodynamic therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"89","author":"DeWitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, R., Zhang, K., Ge, N., and Sun, S. (2023). EUS-guided interventional therapies for pancreatic diseases. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1329676"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousaf, M.N., Ehsan, H., Muneeb, A., Wahab, A., Sana, M.K., Neupane, K., and Chaudhary, F.S. (2021). Role of Radiofrequency Ablation in the Management of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. Front. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.624997"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalaitzakis, E., Vilmann, P., and Bhutani, M. (2020). Equipment and Accessories for Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound. Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28964-5"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14681","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armellini, E., Facciorusso, A., and Crin\u00f2, S.F. (2023). Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020359"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.04.003","article-title":"Risk factors for EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation adverse events in patients with pancreatic neoplasms: A large national French study (RAFPAN study)","volume":"98","author":"Lisotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.022","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Surgical Resection for Treatment of Pancreatic Insulinoma","volume":"21","author":"Napoleon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12833","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided tumor ablation","volume":"29","author":"Lakhtakia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.3.r00dc26633","article-title":"Tumor ablation with radio-frequency energy","volume":"217","author":"Gazelle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.271.eus","article-title":"EUS-guided Radiofrequency Ablation (EUS-RFA) of Solid Pancreatic Neoplasm Using an 18-gauge Needle Electrode: Feasibility, Safety, and Technical Success","volume":"27","author":"Bernardoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E138","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0668-5653","article-title":"EUS-guided pancreatic radiofrequency ablation: Preclinical comparison of two currently available devices in a pig model","volume":"7","author":"Barret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19123","article-title":"Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasound for the Guidance and Monitoring of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0391-3","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract revisited: Towards precision medicine","volume":"16","author":"Rindi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.08.030","article-title":"EUS is still superior to multidetector computerized tomography for detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"73","author":"Khashab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.03.304","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up\u2020","volume":"31","author":"Pavel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vgie.2023.08.007","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for the management of symptomatic pancreatic insulinomas","volume":"9","author":"Biermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"VideoGIE"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2023.05.004","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic insulinoma: A single-center experience","volume":"23","author":"Mascagni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debraine, Z., Borbath, I., Deprez, P., Bosly, F., Maiter, D., and Furnica, R.M. (2023). Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of benign insulinomas. Clin. Endocrinol.","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14981"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2020.11.009","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation: An effective and safe alternative for the treatment of benign insulinoma","volume":"81","author":"Furnica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.08.085","article-title":"EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of pancreatic insulinoma by using a novel needle electrode (with videos)","volume":"83","author":"Lakhtakia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.11.045","article-title":"EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic insulinoma: Experience in 2 tertiary centers","volume":"95","author":"Marx","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6514","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i19.6514","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic insulinoma in elderly patients: Three case reports","volume":"10","author":"Rossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1178","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1479-2199","article-title":"Long-term outcome after EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation: Prospective results in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cystic neoplasms","volume":"9","author":"Barthet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0583-8387","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of benign solid pancreatic tumors","volume":"50","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1754","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1261-9359","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A case series","volume":"8","author":"Imperatore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1380","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1922-4536","article-title":"EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic\/peripancreatic tumors and oligometastatic disease: An observational prospective multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14224","article-title":"Management of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation: Retrospective study in two tertiary centers","volume":"34","author":"Marx","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00282","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation: A New Therapeutic Approach for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"104","author":"Oleinikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v7.i4.52","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation, for pancreatic cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"7","author":"Pai","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"OP115","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of functional and non functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Preliminary results of a multicentre prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Rizzatti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.04.092","article-title":"483 Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Radiofrequency Ablation (Eus-Rfa) in the Treatment of Pancreatic Lesions: A Multi-Center Experience","volume":"87","author":"Thosani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002422","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of premalignant pancreatic-cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors: Prospective study","volume":"34","author":"Younis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.06.021","article-title":"Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare radiofrequency ablation with surgical resection for treatment of pancreatic insulinoma","volume":"55","author":"Partelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000443171","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for the Management of Patients with Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"103","author":"Falconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.04.003","article-title":"Management of small asymptomatic nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Limitations to apply guidelines into real life","volume":"166","author":"Partelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-019-01838-1","article-title":"Indications for resection and perioperative outcomes of surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in Germany: An analysis of the prospective DGAV StuDoQ|Pancreas registry","volume":"49","author":"Mintziras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac267","article-title":"Management of asymptomatic sporadic non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms no larger than 2\u2005cm: Interim analysis of prospective ASPEN trial","volume":"109","author":"Partelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2024, April 25). Pancreatic Radiofrequency Under High Echo-Endoscopy in the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors; Registration ID NCT04520932; ClinicalTrials.gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04520932?cond=Neuroendocrine%20Tumors&term=Pancreatic%20Neoplasms&intr=Radiofrequency%20Ablation&rank=2."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2024, April 25). Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Radio Frequency Ablation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms; Registration ID NCT05243082; ClinicalTrials.gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05243082?cond=Neuroendocrine%20Tumors&term=Pancreatic%20Neoplasms&intr=Radiofrequency%20Ablation&rank=1."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1759","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1261-9605","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Imperatore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30974-0","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer","volume":"395","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"135","article-title":"The American Cancer Society\u2019s Facts & Figures: 2020 Edition","volume":"11","author":"Viale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pract. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-012-1011-z","article-title":"Results of 100 pancreatic radiofrequency ablations in the context of a multimodal strategy for stage III ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"398","author":"Girelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-21-00049","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer: A prospective observational study","volume":"11","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thosani, N., Cen, P., Rowe, J., Guha, S., Bailey-Lundberg, J.M., Bhakta, D., Patil, P., and Wray, C.J. (2022). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) for advanced pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20316-2"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.03.023","article-title":"Assessing EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation in unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A single-center historic cohort study","volume":"100","author":"Cunto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.08.048","article-title":"Initial experience of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation of unresectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"83","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/eus.0000000000000003","article-title":"E US-guided r adiofrequency a blation plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for p ancreatic cancer (ERAP): An observational open-label pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Kongkam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6217-x","article-title":"Technique, safety, and feasibility of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation in unresectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"32","author":"Scopelliti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02787-1","article-title":"High-dimensional single-cell analysis delineates radiofrequency ablation induced immune microenvironmental remodeling in pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Fei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-22-0379","article-title":"Radiofrequency Ablation Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment and Promotes Neutrophil-Mediated Abscopal Immunomodulation in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Faraoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2017.09.008","article-title":"Immunomodulation after radiofrequency ablation of locally advanced pancreatic cancer by monitoring the immune response in 10 patients","volume":"17","author":"Giardino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.03.082","article-title":"RECIST 1.1\u2014Standardisation and disease-specific adaptations: Perspectives from the RECIST Working Group","volume":"62","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12027","article-title":"Triple approach strategy for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Giardino","year":"2013","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanez, B., Caillol, F., Ratone, J.P., Pesenti, C., Rochigneux, P., Pignot, G., Thomassin, J., Brunelle, S., Walz, J., and Salem, N. (2021). Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation as an Future Alternative to Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215267"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15586\/jkcvhl.v11i2.309","article-title":"Active Surveillance in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Beecroft","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Kidney Cancer VHL"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.05.033","article-title":"851 resected cystic tumors of the pancreas: A 33-year experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"152","author":"Valsangkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pu\u0219ca\u0219u, C.I., Rimba\u015f, M., Mateescu, R.B., Larghi, A., and Cauni, V. (2022). Advances in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081779"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Prisca, D., Bratu, D.G., Bacila, C.I., Tanasescu, C., Chicea, R., Fleaca, S.R., Birsan, S.A., Ichim, C., and Mohor, C.I. (2024). Uncommon Presentation of Gastric Duplication Cyst with Left-Sided Portal Hypertension: A Case Report and Literature Review. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14070675"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1250-7786","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic microcystic serous cystic neoplasms: A retrospective study","volume":"53","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahmawi, Y., Mehta, A., Abdalhadi, H., Merritt, L., and Mizrahi, M. (2022). Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of pancreatic lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 7.","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh-20-84"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/19\/2111\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:01:22Z","timestamp":1760112082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/19\/2111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14192111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14192111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]}}}