{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:02:51Z","timestamp":1790625771251,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the muscular and occlusal levels between wind players and the general population, in addition to assessing the different repercussions depending on the embouchure type. Material and Methods: Two cohorts were chosen: one of them comprised intermediate students related to the practice of a wind instrument (n = 39), and the other one, harmonized with the former, comprised secondary students that served as a control group (n = 19). Overjet, overbite, presence of lip abrasion and\/or erosion, Angle\u2019s molar class, Little\u2019s irregularity index, dental abrasion, presence of labial herpes, presence of tooth sensitivity, and presence of articular noises muscle pain were evaluated. Results: Significant statistical differences between the groups were found regarding overjet, overcrowding of teeth, lower lip erosion, and dental abrasion, which was higher in musicians. Lastly, within the group of musicians, it was proven that tooth sensitivity was higher in the group of brass musicians. Conclusions: Wind instrument practice may be a risk factor for developing some orofacial involvement, and there are no differences among the various existing mouthpieces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14202342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T09:58:24Z","timestamp":1729504704000},"page":"2342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Influence of Wind Musical Instruments on the Orofacial System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Raquel Laparra","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Arias-Lux\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Lanuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Musical instruments as an aid in the treatment of muscle defects and perversions","volume":"9","author":"Strayer","year":"1939","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Salud oral en m\u00fasicos y estudiantes de odontolog\u00eda","volume":"44","author":"Laparra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Ortod."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Selecting a musical wind instrument for a student with orofacial muscle problems","volume":"20","author":"Dunn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"131","article-title":"The influence of playing the clarinet on the dentomaxillofacial morphology and function","volume":"17","author":"Ogino","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ou Daigaku Shigakushi"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(57)90194-X","article-title":"The Alameda instrumentalist study","volume":"43","author":"Parker","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"384","article-title":"The effects of orthodontic appliances on wind instruments players","volume":"40","author":"Raney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Orozco, L., and Sol\u00e9, J. (1996). Tecnopat\u00edas del M\u00fasico, Aritza Comunicaci\u00f3n SL."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358509046498","article-title":"Dental care habits, oral hygiene, and gingival health in Swedish professional musicians","volume":"43","author":"Eliasson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/000163599429011","article-title":"Periodontal bone height in professional musicians. Cross-sectional and longitudinal aspects","volume":"57","author":"Stamatakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1974.0433","article-title":"Dental considerations in the playing of musical instruments","volume":"89","author":"Herman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1976.0536","article-title":"Relation of musical wind instruments to malocclusion","volume":"92","author":"Pang","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(81)90215-3","article-title":"Influence of musical instruments on tooth positions","volume":"80","author":"Herman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035981","article-title":"Dentofacial morphology in children playing musical wind instruments: A longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Odenrick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"20","article-title":"Morbilidad bucodental en m\u00fasicos de bandas de porro del departamento de c\u00f3rdoba","volume":"12","author":"Alex","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"86","article-title":"Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic literature review","volume":"73","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(65)90252-6","article-title":"Measurement of perioral pressures during playing of musical wind instruments","volume":"51","author":"Engelman","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Plasencia Alcina, E. (2003). Biomec\u00e1nica y Anclaje Ortod\u00f3ncico en: Bravo Gonz\u00e1lez LA, Coord, Ed. S\u00edntesis. Manual de Ortodoncia."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.04.005","article-title":"Intermittent 8-hour activation in orthodontic molar movement","volume":"125","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.06.044","article-title":"Effects of playing a wind instrument in the occlusion","volume":"141","author":"Grammatopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"277","article-title":"A possibility for physiologic orthodontic movement","volume":"30","author":"Oppenheim","year":"1944","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(57)90114-8","article-title":"Some factors determining the evaluation of forces in orthodontics","volume":"43","author":"Reitan","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Graber, T.M., and Swain, B.F. (1985). Biomechanical principles and reactions. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques, C.V. Mosby Company."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/17.3.189","article-title":"The repair of orthodontic root resorption: An ultraestructural study","volume":"17","author":"Brudvik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1994.0216","article-title":"Head and neck lesions commonly found in musicians","volume":"125","author":"Zimmers","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Chan, Y.-K., Liu, J.K.S., and McGrath, C. (2003). The Effect of Wind Instrument Playing on Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong. Community Health Project."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"159","article-title":"Orofacial and hearing specific problems among 340 wind instrumentalists in Lebanon","volume":"56","author":"Ghoussoub","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Liban."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"256","article-title":"Recurrent herpes labialis in a military brass band","volume":"95","author":"Barkvoll","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand. J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(79)90023-X","article-title":"May Johnny or Janie play the clarinet? The Eastman Study: A report on the orthodontic evaluations of college-level and professional musicians who play brass and woodwind instruments","volume":"76","author":"Gualtieri","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2007.01765.x","article-title":"Influence of playing wind instruments on activity of masticatory muscles","volume":"34","author":"Gotouda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Oral. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(74)90033-5","article-title":"Orthodontic aspect of musical instrument selection","volume":"65","author":"Herman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4806619","article-title":"An unusual dental problem associated with wind instrument playing","volume":"165","author":"Bow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"223","article-title":"Little influence on tooth position from playing a wind instrument","volume":"60","author":"Rindisbacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"66","article-title":"Dental aspect of orchestral wind instrument playing with special reference to the embochadure","volume":"93","author":"Porter","year":"1952","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/1350-4533(95)00006-9","article-title":"Measurement of tooth displacements and mouthpiece forces during brass instrument playing","volume":"17","author":"Borchers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Pulp syndrome of wind instrument players","volume":"18","author":"Cremmel","year":"1971","journal-title":"Rev. Fr. Odontostomatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.1906","article-title":"Risk of obstructive sleep apnea lower in double reed wind musicians","volume":"8","author":"Ward","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/20\/2342\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:17:38Z","timestamp":1760113058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/20\/2342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14202342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14202342","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]}}}