{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:53:52Z","timestamp":1772171632602,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of macular complications detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a large Caucasian cohort of RP patients, highlight the major alterations in chorioretinal structure, and compare the macular structural changes in eyes affected by retinal dystrophies with those in healthy controls. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Three hundred and seven patients with RP were consecutively enrolled and underwent clinical assessment. In particular, SD-OCT images were used to ascertain the morphology of the posterior pole of patients with RP by evaluating the residual ellipsoid zone (EZ), the volume and thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONLT), and subfoveal choroid thickness (SCT). At the same time, the pathological finding that the patients\u2019 vision was reduced under treatment was analyzed. Results: A total of 436 eyes of 218 patients with RP were studied. Considering all of the eyes studied, 103 had cystoid macular edema (CME) (23.62%), 123 (28.21%) had vitreomacular traction (VMT), and 199 (45.75%) had epiretinal membranes (ERMs). There were also 12 (2.75%) cases of lamellar macular holes (LMHs), of which 3 (1.38% of all patients) cases were bilateral. Only 137 eyes (31.42%) did not have the above-mentioned alterations. SCT was significantly reduced compared to that of the control group (193.03 \u00b5m \u00b1 67.90 SD vs. 295 \u00b5m \u00b1 69.04 SD), while the foveal central macular thickness (FCMT) was greater (270.91 \u03bcm \u00b1 74.04 SD vs. 221 \u00b5m \u00b1 37.25 SD). Conclusions: This research highlights the high incidence of macular complications. The results of our study indicate the importance of regular monitoring of RP patients and early intervention to avoid further complications in this group of subjects with severe visual field impairment to avoid further central vision loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14212409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T06:29:57Z","timestamp":1730183397000},"page":"2409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Macular Alterations in a Cohort of Caucasian Patients Affected by Retinitis Pigmentosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Nebbioso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9280-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvia","family":"Mastrogiuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Gnolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8786-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Artico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Moramarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Mallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samanta","family":"Taurone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Moviment, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6139-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annarita","family":"Vestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8974-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.03.005","article-title":"Non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"66","author":"Verbakel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GlobalData (2021, April 30). Epidemiology and Market Size Retinitis Pigmentosa. Available online: https:\/\/www.globaldata.com\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8815","DOI":"10.4238\/2014.October.27.23","article-title":"Syndromic and non-syndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa: A comprehensive Italian clinical and molecular study reveals new mutations","volume":"13","author":"Pierrottet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. 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