{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:20:37Z","timestamp":1778185237248,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Geran Rangsangan Penyelidikan FSK","award":["NN-2022-020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NN-2022-020"]}]},{"name":"K.A.M.N.","award":["NN-2022-020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NN-2022-020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: This study evaluates the mean glandular dose (MGD) in mammography screening for women aged 40\u201369 in Dubai, based on a retrospective analysis of a dose survey involving 2599 participants. Methods: MGD was calculated using the Dance formula. Results: The average MGD was 0.96 \u00b1 0.39 mGy for mediolateral oblique (MLO) views and 0.81 \u00b1 0.33 mGy for craniocaudal (CC) views. Weak inverse correlations were found between age and organ dose (OD) for both views, while a direct relationship was observed between breast thickness and entrance skin dose (ESD). In adjusted models, ESD was strongly associated with MGD (\u03b2 = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.09), while OD showed a moderate association (\u03b2 = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.49). Significant variations in ESD, OD, and MGD were noted across age groups and breast thicknesses. Conclusions: Lower MGD indicates reduced radiation exposure risk, while higher MGD in MLO views suggests improved imaging quality. Monitoring and optimizing MGD are essential for enhancing patient safety and screening efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14222568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1731653953000},"page":"2568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluating Factors Affecting Mean Glandular Dose in Mammography: Insights from a Retrospective Study in Dubai"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kaltham Abdulwahid Mohammad","family":"Noor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"},{"name":"Dubai Health Academic Corporation (DHAC), Rashid Hospital, Radiology Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norhashimah Mohd","family":"Norsuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Khalis Abdul","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iza Nurzawani Che","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaidehi","family":"Ulaganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Science, Uplands College of Science and Technology Incorporated (UCSI), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190005","DOI":"10.1148\/rycan.2019190005","article-title":"Comparative benefit-to-radiation risk ratio of molecular breast imaging, two-dimensional full-field digital mammography with and without tomosynthesis, and synthetic mammography with tomosynthesis","volume":"1","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol. 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