{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:48:43Z","timestamp":1780757323304,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2017R1C1B5017922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1C1B5017922"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, clinical implications, and rescue maneuvers of technical complications related to embolic protection devices (EPDs) during carotid artery stenting (CAS). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who had undergone CAS with EPDs between April 2018 and March 2024. The incidence and types of technical complication associated with EPDs were assessed. Clinical, angiographical, and procedural factors were analyzed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of EPD-related adverse events. Various rescue techniques for managing adverse events were investigated based on the procedure record. Results: Of the 158 enrolled patients, the rate of EPD-related technical complications was 23.4% (n = 37). Among them, complicated filter retrieval was the most common adverse event (n = 23, 14.6%). Older age, a higher degree of residual stenosis, and the type of the EPD were significant risk factors for complicated filter retrieval (p &lt; 0.05). Although distal thrombus migration requiring thrombectomy was more frequent in patients with complicated filter removal (2.2% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.041), there was no significant increase in postprocedural thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. When complicated filter retrieval occurred, careful to-and-fro movement of the patients\u2019 neck, such as rotation, or asking them to swallow was tried first in all 23 patients. When these attempts failed, manipulation of a curved-tip guiding catheter, the balloon bridge technique, and alternative use of a 5 Fr angiocatheter as a retrieval sheath were sequentially tried, and all filters were successfully retrieved. Conclusions: Complicated filter retrieval was the most common technical complication during CAS. Various rescue techniques for successful filter removal were effective for ensuring safety of CAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:25:42Z","timestamp":1732191942000},"page":"2622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Technical Complications Associated with Embolic Protection Device During Carotid Artery Stenting: Incidence, Risk Factors, Clinical Implications, and Rescue Maneuvers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byungjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hye","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6866-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inseon","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Na","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.003390","article-title":"Systematic review of guidelines for the management of asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid stenosis","volume":"46","author":"Abbott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820d8d78","article-title":"ASA\/ACCF\/AHA\/AANN\/AANS\/ACR\/ASNR\/CNS\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SIR\/SNIS\/SVM\/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: Executive summary. 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Neuroradiol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/23\/2622\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:36:58Z","timestamp":1760114218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/14\/23\/2622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics14232622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14232622","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}}}