{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:28:40Z","timestamp":1777004920699,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ewing sarcomas are rare tumors arising mainly in the bones and the surrounding soft tissues. Primary extraosseous Ewing sarcomas have also been described in several other organs and locations other than bones, including the pancreas. These tumors have well-defined histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. In this manuscript, we present a case of primary Ewing sarcoma of the pancreas in a 29-year-old patient, and we systematically review the literature on both primary and metastatic Ewing sarcomas of the pancreas, describing their clinicopathological characteristics. We also discuss the differential diagnosis and the treatment of this rare entity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T08:24:14Z","timestamp":1732868654000},"page":"2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Ewing Sarcomas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9502-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nektarios I.","family":"Koufopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menelaos G.","family":"Samaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christakis","family":"Kotanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0994-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Skarentzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Pouliakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Boutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Rea Maternity Hospital, P. Faliro, 17564 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adamantia","family":"Kontogeorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Zanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Broggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Caltabiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios I.","family":"Kyriazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Propaedeutic Department of Medicine, Oncology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Goutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.014","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges","volume":"186","author":"Halbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-004-0987-3","article-title":"Secondary tumors of the pancreas: An analysis of a surgical and autopsy database and review of the literature","volume":"444","author":"Adsay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"770","article-title":"Primary peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the adrenal gland: A rare entity","volume":"24","author":"Koufopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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