{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:38:38Z","timestamp":1760146718026,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2022-301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parathyroid tumors are classified as parathyroid neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) by the IARC-WHO classification. These tumors can occur with NENs from other sites, which often require total-body [68Ga]-DOTA-peptides PET\/CT. This study aimed to assess the utility of [68Ga]-DOTA-peptide PET\/CT in imaging parathyroid NENs and to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Fifty patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and parathyroid NENs histologically confirmed as parathyroid adenomas (PAs) were included. PET\/CT with [68Ga]-DOTA-peptide was performed in 16 patients with localized PAs, including 10 with MEN1 syndrome. Somatostatin receptor types 2 and 5 (SST2 and SST5) staining was performed on PAs from 48 patients. Somatostatin analogs (SSA) were prescribed in four patients with MEN 1 syndrome and 1 with persistent acromegaly, all with PAs and PHPT. The therapy effects on calcium and parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were evaluated. Results: [68Ga]-DOTA-peptide PET\/CT detected 20 PAs with high radiopharmaceutical uptake. SST2 expression was negative on PA cell membranes in all cases and positive on endothelium in 39 (81%) PAs. Membrane SST5 expression was positive in 25 (52%) PAs and endothelial was positive in 40 (83%). Serum calcium levels decreased in patients on SSA therapy, while iPTH did not. Conclusions: PET\/CT with [68Ga]-DOTA-peptides can detect parathyroid NENs. The incidental detection of high [68Ga]-DOTA-peptide uptake in the parathyroid region during whole-body PET\/CT may prompt biochemical evaluation for PHPT. We suggest that endothelial SST expression mediates high radiopharmaceutical uptake by PAs and that SSA treatment can reduce hypercalcemia in PHPT patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T04:01:29Z","timestamp":1733198489000},"page":"2718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Somatostatin Receptor Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Parathyroid Neuroendocrine Neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Uliana","family":"Tsoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Pogosian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Ryzhkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Yudina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ksenia","family":"Yakovenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Ryazanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Matsueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Sokolnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maksim","family":"Salov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Karonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Grineva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R211","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-20-0036","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasm update: Toward universal nomenclature","volume":"27","author":"Rindi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. 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