{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:37:36Z","timestamp":1784997456307,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is becoming increasingly popular in head and neck surgery. Its applications have expanded beyond oncologic indications to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and, more recently, to benign pathologies. Data Sources: A systematic search for articles published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases between January 2003 and December 2023 was performed using the following combined search query (robot OR sleep OR apnea OR syndrome) AND (robot OR tongue OR base). Review methods: Given the limited literature, we conducted a systematic review focusing on the outcomes of TORS for benign pathologies of the base of the tongue. Our search methodology followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: We found 16 articles that met our inclusion criteria. These were mainly case reports and a few case series. Conclusions: Compared to other transoral techniques, TORS offers better exposure, visualization, and access to the oropharynx, especially the base of the tongue, even in benign pathology. TORS should be considered a feasible, safe, and effective technique. Several more studies are needed to effectively evaluate the role of TORS in benign pathology that does not correlate with OSAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:48:58Z","timestamp":1735033738000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of TORS in the Management of Benign Pathology of the Base of Tongue: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Nocini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Arietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena","family":"Arsie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Zampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Sacchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-019-01768-x","article-title":"Robotic Surgery in Head and Neck in Pediatric Population: Our Experience","volume":"72","author":"Venkatakarthikeyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-2046-x","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted versus conventional second branchial cleft cyst resection","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg. 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Ital."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e411","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006417","article-title":"Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Management of a Tongue Base Schwannoma","volume":"31","author":"Petruzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1134","article-title":"Transoral robotic surgery (TORS): A new tool for high risk tracheostomy decannulation","volume":"37","author":"Montevecchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. 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Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-023-01603-0","article-title":"Avascular midline oropharyngeal anatomy allows for expanded indications for transoral robotic surgery in pediatric patients","volume":"17","author":"Johnston","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241412","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-241412","article-title":"Transoral robotic resection of a lingual thyroid: A novel treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"14","author":"Curtis","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-011-0253-z","article-title":"Transoral robot-assisted excision of a lingual thyroid gland","volume":"5","author":"May","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.07.007","article-title":"Transoral surgery for an infant thyroglossal duct cyst","volume":"77","author":"Kayhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-017-0713-1","article-title":"Transoral robotic excision of a lingual thyroglossal duct cyst","volume":"12","author":"Fong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-018-0841-2","article-title":"Robotic resection of lingual thyroglossal duct cyst in an infant","volume":"13","author":"Turhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Robot. 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Robot."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.02.022","article-title":"Complications following transoral robotic surgery (TORS): A detailed institutional review of complications","volume":"67","author":"Hay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-03033-6","article-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Following Transoral Robotic Surgery, a Prospective Single Centre Study","volume":"74","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.07.003","article-title":"Outcomes following TORS for HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma: PEGs, tracheostomies, and beyond","volume":"40","author":"Quick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2011.10.004","article-title":"Lingual thyroid: A case report","volume":"2","author":"Amr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/1\/5\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:59:08Z","timestamp":1760115548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/1\/5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15010005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15010005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]}}}