{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:41:09Z","timestamp":1791398469056,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of astigmatism correction between topographic- and manifest-based methods in individuals who underwent second-generation keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgery. Methods: This study was conducted with participants who underwent second-generation KLEx surgery. After exclusion, there were 46 and 43 participants in the manifest and topographic groups, respectively. The main outcomes were postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and residual astigmatism. The independent T-test and generalized estimate equation were used to investigate differences between the two groups. Results: Three months postoperatively, UDVA was 0.02 \u00b1 0.04 in the manifest group and 0.00 \u00b1 0.06 in the topographic group which also revealed no significant difference (p = 0.155). Also, the SE value in the two groups three months postoperatively was statistically similar (\u22120.57 \u00b1 0.48D versus \u22120.63 \u00b1 0.62D, p = 0.574). The final residual astigmatism was \u22120.26 \u00b1 0.27 in the topographic group which was significantly lower than the \u22120.51 \u00b1 0.40 in the manifest group (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the amplitude of astigmatism change was significantly lower in the topographic group (p = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis, UDVA and residual astigmatism were significantly better in the topographic group than in the manifest group (both p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The topographic-based method represents a better astigmatism correction than the manifest-based method in second-generation KLEx surgery, especially in the low astigmatism population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15010098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T10:17:23Z","timestamp":1735899443000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison Between Topographic-Based and Manifest-Based Astigmatism Corrections in the Second (Visumax 800)-Generation Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Surgery: A Real-World Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 10041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung 41265, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun-Fa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8494-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Te","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3992-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ie-Bin","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistical and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Chunghua 50007, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Kai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 10041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Chunghua 51591, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_761_17","article-title":"Refractive lenticule extraction small incision lenticule extraction: A new refractive surgery paradigm","volume":"66","author":"Ganesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. 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