{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:33:40Z","timestamp":1774953220809,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Our purpose was to review the current literature regarding ophthalmologic indications for cesarean section (CS). Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through October 2024. The databases were searched using the following keywords: \u201cCaesarean section\u201d OR \u201cCaesarean section\u201d OR \u201cdelivery\u201d OR \u201cpregnancy\u201d AND \u201ceyes\u201d OR \u201ceye disorders\u201d OR \u201cocular disease\u201d OR \u201cdiabetic retinopathy\u201d OR \u201cmyopia\u201d OR \u201cretinal detachment\u201d OR \u201cglaucoma\u201d OR \u201ckeratoconus\u201d. Studies were considered eligible if they described pregnancy management in women affected by an eye disorder, with insight into the mode of delivery. Results: A total of 8383 results were identified, including only 1 specific guideline and no randomized controlled trials. After a manual review, 38 manuscripts were selected for inclusion. Based on the available evidence, an elective CS may be considered on a case-by-case basis in the presence of specific ophthalmic conditions, such as high-grade myopia with subretinal neovascularization, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, advanced glaucoma, or advanced keratoconus. These conditions are rare among women of childbearing age. Conclusions: Currently, only a limited number of highly specific ophthalmic conditions may benefit from an elective CS. Considering the potential short- and long-term implications of a CS, and in line with the current World Health Organization recommendations, this surgical procedure should be reserved for cases with a clear indication. Given the paucity of data in the available literature, further prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to enhance the quality of evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15040418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T09:29:26Z","timestamp":1739179766000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A State-of-the-Art Review of Ophthalmological Indications for a Cesarean Section: Is There a Patient for Whom a Cesarean Section Is Really Indicated?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Quaresima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8523-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Covello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Bitonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cSS. Annunziata\u201d Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costantino","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0131-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6554-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Guido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2025, January 01). 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