{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:57:00Z","timestamp":1778626620440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: It has been shown that the use of statins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worsens hyperglycemia and hemoglobin A1c levels but may help in the preservation of pancreatic \u03b2-cell function. The potential role of a high pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) in this process has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate whether the liver fat fraction (LFF) and PFF in T2DM patients is affected by statin therapy. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a total of 140 T2DM patients, including both those who were receiving (n = 70) and those who were not receiving (n = 70) statin therapy. The mapping of the LFF and PFF utilizing the IDEAL-IQ sequence was conducted in magnetic resonance imaging. Results: In T2DM patients who used statins, the median PFF was higher compared to those who did not use statins (8.4 vs. 6.2%, p = 0.021), while the median LFF was found to be similar (8.4 vs. 8.9, p = 0.572). Variations in PFF were associated with the use of various statins (non-statin group: 6.2 vs. atovastatin: 8.7 vs. rosuvastatin: 3.2 vs. pitavastatin: 9.2, p = 0.004). The multivariable regression analysis indicated that insulin usage decreased log(LFF) by a factor of 0.16-fold (\ua7b5 \u00b1 SE = \u22120.16 \u00b1 0.05, p = 0.010), and rosuvastatin usage reduced log(PFF) by 0.16-fold (\ua7b5 \u00b1 SE = \u22120.16 \u00b1 0.07, p = 0.025), irrespective of other risk factors. Furthermore, the use of atorvastatin (\ua7b5 \u00b1 SE = 0.17 \u00b1 0.06, p = 0.011) and pitavastatin (\ua7b5 \u00b1 SE = 0.19 \u00b1 0.07, p = 0.008) were independently associated with an increase in log(PFF). Conclusions: In patients with T2DM, statin use did not show a significant effect on the liver fat fraction, but it caused differences in the pancreatic fat fraction. The observation of a lower pancreatic fat fraction in patients taking a rosuvastatin and atorvastatin dose of 40 mg\/day suggests that different types and doses of statins may have varying effects on pancreatic fat accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15040426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T09:29:26Z","timestamp":1739179766000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Association of Statin Therapy with Liver and Pancreatic Fat Fraction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4997-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Akif","family":"Parlar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"Do\u011fantekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5225-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130smail Serhat","family":"Musao\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3403-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisa Demirbo\u015fnak","family":"Albayrako\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4082-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa L\u00fctfi","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1459-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehra Bu\u015fra","family":"\u00d6zbolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Chest Diseases, \u00c7erkezk\u00f6y State Hospital, Tekirda\u011f Provincial Health Directorate, 59100 Tekirda\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yapislar, H., and Gurler, E.B. (2024). Management of Microcomplications of Diabetes Mellitus: Challenges, Current Trends, and Future Perspectives in Treatment. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12091958"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakubiak, G.K., Chwalba, A., Basek, A., Cieslar, G., and Pawlas, N. (2024). Glycated Hemoglobin and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Without Diabetes. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010053"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180","article-title":"A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhokte, S., and Czaja, K. (2024). Visceral Adipose Tissue: The Hidden Culprit for Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071015"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S150914","article-title":"Visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio as a predictor of the multiple metabolic risk factors for subjects with normal waist circumference in Korea","volume":"10","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eskridge, W., Cryer, D.R., Schattenberg, J.M., Gastaldelli, A., Malhi, H., Allen, A.M., Noureddin, M., and Sanyal, A.J. (2023). Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: The patient and physician perspective. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196216"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1785196","article-title":"New Nomenclature for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Understanding Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Metabolic Dysfunction-and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease, and Their Implications in Clinical Practice","volume":"44","author":"Canivet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_585_17","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mika, A., Macaluso, F., Barone, R., Di Felice, V., and Sledzinski, T. (2019). Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00026"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozawa, J., and Shimomura, I. (2021). Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Pancreas and Heart. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061326"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14037","article-title":"Connecting pancreatic islet lipid metabolism with insulin secretion and the development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"1461","author":"Imai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zatterale, F., Longo, M., Naderi, J., Raciti, G.A., Desiderio, A., Miele, C., and Beguinot, F. (2019). Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01607"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heber, S.D., Hetterich, H., Lorbeer, R., Bayerl, C., Machann, J., Auweter, S., Storz, C., Schlett, C.L., Nikolaou, K., and Reiser, M. (2017). Pancreatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, and controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177154"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1337","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2019\/e1337","article-title":"Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes are Independent Risk Factors for Computed Tomography-Estimated Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease","volume":"74","author":"Ahbab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerf, M.E. (2013). Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Front. Endocrinol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00037"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macauley, M., Percival, K., Thelwall, P.E., Hollingsworth, K.G., and Taylor, R. (2015). Altered volume, morphology and composition of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126825"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0750","article-title":"Weight Loss Decreases Excess Pancreatic Triacylglycerol Specifically in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Steven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1073","article-title":"Pancreatic fat is negatively associated with insulin secretion in individuals with impaired fasting glucose and\/or impaired glucose tolerance: A nuclear magnetic resonance study","volume":"26","author":"Heni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904944106","article-title":"Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity","volume":"106","author":"Fabbrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(11)70012-2","article-title":"Glucolipotoxicity and beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Target for durable therapy?","volume":"93","author":"Diamant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0360348","article-title":"Fatty acids and glucolipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Cnop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.09.027","article-title":"Fatty Pancreas Is Independently Associated With Subsequent Diabetes Mellitus Development: A 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102881","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of dyslipidemia states associated with fat in the pancreas","volume":"17","author":"Coffey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12665","article-title":"Impact of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease on glucose metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou, H.Y., Wang, C.Y., Yang, Y.C., Chen, M.F., and Chang, C.J. (2013). The association between nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease and diabetes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062561"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0326","article-title":"Pancreatic fat content and beta-cell function in men with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Tushuizen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Wang, D., Xiao, W., Shi, X., She, Q., Sun, H., Qi, T., Xu, R., Li, G., and Liu, X. (2020). Relationship between fatty pancreas and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: A cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78883-1"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_30_17","article-title":"Statin Therapy Prescribing for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Evidence and Challenges","volume":"9","author":"Elnaem","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.160663","article-title":"Effects of statins on adipose tissue inflammation: Their inhibitory effect on MyD88-independent IRF3\/IFN-beta pathway in macrophages","volume":"28","author":"Abe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.04.103","article-title":"Atorvastatin reduces cardiac and adipose tissue inflammation in rats with metabolic syndrome","volume":"240","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.06.106","article-title":"Statin therapy modulates thickness and inflammatory profile of human epicardial adipose tissue","volume":"274","author":"Parisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2022.i601","article-title":"The effect of simvastatin-Acalypha indica Linn. combination on the improvement of fatty pancreas in rats induced with a high fructose and cholesterol diet","volume":"9","author":"Krisnamurti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013104","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013104","article-title":"Statins Reduce Epicardial Adipose Tissue Attenuation Independent of Lipid Lowering: A Potential Pleiotropic Effect","volume":"8","author":"Raggi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2343040142","article-title":"Appropriateness of a donor liver with respect to macrosteatosis: Application of artificial neural networks to US images\u2014Initial experience","volume":"234","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24452","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultrasonography for the detection of fatty liver: A meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Hernaez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.09.001","article-title":"Validity of real time ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis: A prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Dasarathy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leiu, K.H., Poppitt, S.D., Miles-Chan, J.L., and Sequeira, I.R. (2022). Fatty Pancreas and Cardiometabolic Risk: Response of Ectopic Fat to Lifestyle and Surgical Interventions. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224873"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Ichim, C., Todor, S.B., Anderco, P., and Popa, M.L. (2024). The Importance of Microbiota and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Pancreatic Disorders. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14090861"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Birlutiu, V., Ichim, C., Brusnic, O., and Onisor, D.M. (2023). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Liver Cirrhosis. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112930"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahyoub, M.A., Elhoumed, M., Maqul, A.H., Almezgagi, M., Abbas, M., Jiao, Y., Wang, J., Alnaggar, M., Zhao, P., and He, S. (2023). Fatty infiltration of the pancreas: A systematic concept analysis. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1227188"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182153922","article-title":"Pancreatic ultrastructural enhancement due to telmisartan plus sitagliptin treatment in diet-induced obese C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"40","author":"Gregorio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12680","article-title":"Exenatide decreases liver fat content and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: A prospective randomized clinical trial using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"Dutour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108610","article-title":"Effect of dapagliflozin on liver and pancreatic fat in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14733","article-title":"Eight weeks of empagliflozin does not affect pancreatic fat content and insulin secretion in people with prediabetes","volume":"24","author":"Hummel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2018.0086","article-title":"In New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin Reduces Fat Accumulation in the Liver, But Not in the Pancreas or Pericardium","volume":"17","author":"Zsori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0701","article-title":"Pancreatic steatosis and its relationship to beta-cell dysfunction in humans: Racial and ethnic variations","volume":"35","author":"Szczepaniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7669","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S377463","article-title":"Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Bataineh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.001","article-title":"Statins\u2019 efficacy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Boutari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161115666170621082910","article-title":"Statins: An Under-Appreciated Asset for the Prevention and the Treatment of NAFLD or NASH and the Related Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"16","author":"Athyros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4070","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0584","article-title":"Noninvasive quantification of pancreatic fat in humans","volume":"94","author":"Lingvay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laakso, M., and Fernandes Silva, L. (2023). Statins and risk of type 2 diabetes: Mechanism and clinical implications. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1239335"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.06.003","article-title":"Antidiabetic Drugs and Statins in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"9","author":"Kothari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1238","article-title":"Glucolipotoxicity alters lipid partitioning and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, cholesterol, and ceramide deposition and reactive oxygen species production in INS832\/13 ss-cells","volume":"151","author":"Joly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.13.329","article-title":"Distinct effects of pravastatin, atorvastatin, and simvastatin on insulin secretion from a beta-cell line, MIN6 cells","volume":"13","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Climent, E., Benaiges, D., and Pedro-Botet, J. (2021). Hydrophilic or Lipophilic Statins?. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.687585"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.07.170","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of statins for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"47","author":"Pastori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.50039","article-title":"Differential Diabetogenic Effect of Pitavastatin and Rosuvastatin, in vitro and in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4176","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01446","article-title":"Effects of Pitavastatin on Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Fat: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"103","author":"Braun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-5-32","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin on the glucose metabolism and the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue behavior in C57Bl\/6 mice","volume":"5","author":"Rocha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-13-98","article-title":"Atorvastatin helps preserve pancreatic beta cell function in obese C57BL\/6 J mice and the effect is related to increased pancreas proliferation and amelioration of endoplasmic-reticulum stress","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"281","article-title":"Several statins increase body and liver fat accumulation in a model of metabolic syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Aguirre","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/4\/426\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:30:19Z","timestamp":1760027419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/4\/426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15040426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15040426","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]}}}