{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:55:45Z","timestamp":1773867345798,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise contre les Myopathies","award":["19507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19507"]}]},{"name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise contre les Myopathies","award":["AP-RM-20-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP-RM-20-006"]}]},{"name":"Fondation de l\u2019Avenir","award":["19507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19507"]}]},{"name":"Fondation de l\u2019Avenir","award":["AP-RM-20-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP-RM-20-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Cognitive impairments are one of the most common and disabling symptoms associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS). Here, we address the possibility of a specific cognitive profile inherent to ME\/CFS. Due to the occurrence of cognitive deficits, fatigue, and pain in both pathologies, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relevant comparison model. For this purpose, we carried out a comparative study between cognitive profiles of patients with ME\/CFS and patients suffering from MS. Methods: In total, 40 ME\/CFS and 40 MS patients were included. A complete screening of all cognitive functions was carried out through an extensive battery of tests routinely used in clinical practice. Results: ME\/CFS and MS patients showed deficits in episodic memory retrieval, visual selective attention and reading speed. ME\/CFS patients also elicited a lower level of performance than MS patients regarding consolidation. For both groups, levels of performance on these cognitive tests did not correlate with levels of fatigue, pain, and depression. Conclusions: This study highlighted both similarities and differences in the cognitive profiles of ME\/CFS and MS patients. While both groups exhibited deficits in episodic memory retrieval, visual selective attention, and reading speed, ME\/CFS patients showed distinct impairment in consolidation processes. These cognitive deficits were not correlated with fatigue, pain, or depression, reinforcing the hypothesis of intrinsic cognitive dysfunction in ME\/CFS. These findings define a specific cognitive phenotype for ME\/CFS, which could improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies. Future research, particularly in functional imaging, may elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15040487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T10:26:12Z","timestamp":1739787972000},"page":"487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Study Between Cognitive Phenotypes of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Aoun Sebaiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRP-CPO, UR UPJV 7273, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80025 Amiens, France"},{"name":"INSERM, IMRB, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"N\u00e9ocortex (Sp\u00e9cialistes de la Neuropsychologie), F-94100 Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Oubaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, IMRB, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3838-6178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Gounden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRP-CPO, UR UPJV 7273, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80025 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Ren\u00e9 Muret, F-93270 Sevran, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuele","family":"Lechapt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pathologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abir","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Creange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3854-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Hainselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRP-CPO, UR UPJV 7273, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80025 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0182-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Authier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, IMRB, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"UF Centre Expert de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020817","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020817","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome in Europe\u2014The Euro-epiME study from the European network EUROMENE: A protocol for a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105313520335","article-title":"Are Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome different illnesses? 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