{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:13:49Z","timestamp":1785208429977,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the impact of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) or newly diagnosed hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 6065 patients admitted to the COVID-19 departments of the \u201cMarius Nasta\u201d National Institute of Pulmonology in Bucharest, Romania, between 26 October 2020 and 5 January 2023. Of these, 813 patients (13.40%) were selected for analysis due to either a pre-existing diagnosis of DM or hyperglycemia at the time of hospital admission. Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were elevated in patients with blood glucose levels exceeding 300 mg\/dL. These elevations correlated with the presence of respiratory failure and increased mortality rates. Additionally, oxygen requirements were significantly higher at elevated blood glucose levels (p &lt; 0.001), with a direct relationship between glycemia and oxygen demand. This was accompanied by lower oxygen saturation levels (p &lt; 0.001). Maximum blood glucose levels were associated with the severity of respiratory failure (AUC 0.6, 95% CI: 0.56\u20130.63, p &lt; 0.001). We identified cut-off values for blood glucose at admission (217.5 mg\/dL) and maximum blood glucose during hospitalization (257.5 mg\/dL), both of which were associated with disease severity and identified as risk factors for increased mortality. Conclusions: High blood glucose levels, both at admission and during hospitalization, were identified as risk factors for poor prognosis and increased mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of whether the hyperglycemia was due to a prior diagnosis of DM or was newly developed during the hospital stay. These findings underscore the importance of glycemic control in the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15050554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1740469508000},"page":"554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Glucose Homeostasis in Hospitalized Patients with Pulmonary Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Oana-Andreea","family":"Parli\u021beanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara-Amalia","family":"B\u0103lteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drago\u0219 Cosmin","family":"Zaharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4817-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tudor","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Maria","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0218tefan","family":"Dumitrache-Rujinscki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-2011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andra Elena","family":"Nica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Voineag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Universitatea Dun\u0103rea de Jos, 800201 Gala\u021bi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavian Sabin","family":"Alexe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Universitatea Dun\u0103rea de Jos, 800201 Gala\u021bi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Tabacu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Croitoru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Str\u00e2mbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9858-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana Maria","family":"Neme\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9240-922X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Pneumoftizologie Marius Nasta, 050159 Bucure\u0219ti, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Universitatea de Medicin\u0103 \u0219i Farmacie Carol Davila, 050474 Bucre\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108382","article-title":"Hyperglycemia without diabetes and new-onset diabetes are both associated with poorer outcomes in COVID-19","volume":"167","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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