{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:10:19Z","timestamp":1778166619287,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research W\u00fcrzburg","award":["Z-3BC\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-3BC\/02"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","award":["Z-3BC\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-3BC\/02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Gantry-free cone-beam CT (CBCT) allows for ultra-high-resolution (UHR) upper extremity imaging in a comfortable tableside position. The aim of this study was to assess the organ-specific radiation burden and the effect of dedicated lead shielding in the UHR-CBCT of the wrist and elbow. Methods: A modified Alderson-Rando phantom was scanned with the tableside UHR-CBCT mode of a twin robotic X-ray system employing identical scan parameters for wrist and elbow imaging. An ion chamber was used in conjunction with an electrometer to obtain representative organ dose measurements for the eye lens, thyroid gland, breast tissue, and abdomen. All measurements were performed with and without lead shielding. Results: Irrespective of the examined upper extremity joint, the highest absorbed dose among the assessed organs was determined for the eye lens (wrist imaging: 0.10 \u00b1 0.01 mGy, elbow imaging: 0.12 \u00b1 0.01 mGy). The most effective organ dose reduction by means of shielding in wrist CBCT was achieved for the thyroid gland (\u221217%). In elbow CBCT, the abdomen (\u221248%) and the ipsilateral breast (\u221239%) benefited particularly from shield protection. Conclusions: Although shielding was more effective in elbow than wrist scans, the overall impact in terms of absolute dose reduction was marginal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15050596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:46:46Z","timestamp":1740739606000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Patient Shielding in Ultra-High-Resolution Cone-Beam CT of the Upper Extremity with a Twin Robotic X-Ray System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8429-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas Steven","family":"Kunz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Oberd\u00fcrrbacher Stra\u00dfe 6, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Weick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4524-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Peter","family":"Grunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Oberd\u00fcrrbacher Stra\u00dfe 6, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0221-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Razinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Wegener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Wittig-Sauerwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten Alexander","family":"Bley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Oberd\u00fcrrbacher Stra\u00dfe 6, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2784-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henner","family":"Huflage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Oberd\u00fcrrbacher Stra\u00dfe 6, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130225","article-title":"Dedicated cone-beam CT system for extremity imaging","volume":"270","author":"Carrino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07563-5","article-title":"Twin robotic X-ray system in small bone and joint trauma: Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on treatment decisions","volume":"31","author":"Grunz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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