{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:03:19Z","timestamp":1793646199078,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abbott Laboratiories d.o.o. Croatia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Continuous and flash glucose monitoring (CGM and FGM) may enhance glucose management by providing real-time glucose data. Furthermore, growing evidence is linking altered blood glucose concentrations and worse short-term outcomes in critically ill patients. While hyperglycemia is more common in these patients and is associated with an increased risk of adverse events, hypoglycemia is particularly concerning and significantly raises the risk of fatal outcomes. This exploratory study investigated the link between FGM variables and cardiogenic shock in critically ill Coronary Care Unit (CCU) patients. Methods: Twenty-eight CCU patients (1 May 2021\u201331 January 2022) were monitored using a Libre FreeStyle system. Analyzed data included patient demographic and laboratory data, left ventricular ejection fraction, standard glucose monitoring, APACHE IV scores, and cardiogenic shock occurrence. Analysis was performed using the \u03c72 test, Mann\u2013Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Results: Among the patients, 13 (46.43%) developed cardiogenic shock. FGM detected hypoglycemia in 18 (64.29%) patients, while standard methods in 6 (21.43%) patients. FGM-detected hypoglycemia was more frequent in patients who developed cardiogenic shock (p = 0.0129, \u03c72 test) with a significantly higher time below range reading (p = 0.0093, Mann Withney U test), despite no differences in mean glucose values. In addition, hypoglycemia detected by FGM was an independent predictor of shock (p = 0.0390, logistic regression). Conclusions: FGM identified more hypoglycemic events compared to standard glucose monitoring in the CCU. Frequent FGM-detected hypoglycemic events were associated with cardiogenic shock, regardless of a history of diabetes. Due to a limited sample size, these results should be interpreted cautiously and further research in this area is justified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15060685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T08:59:52Z","timestamp":1741683592000},"page":"685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Flash Glucose Monitoring for Predicting Cardiogenic Shock Occurrence in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velimir","family":"Altabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorijan","family":"Babi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Grulovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Bulum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zdravko","family":"Babi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Coronary Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00654-3","article-title":"A Review of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Krakauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol. 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