{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:03:33Z","timestamp":1760058213504,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between aortic stenosis (AS) occupancy and the incidence of subsequent macular diseases. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database, and participants with AS were enrolled and matched to non-AS participants. A total of 421,860 and 421,860 participants were evenly divided into the AS and non-AS groups, respectively. The major outcomes of the present study include the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: There were 4426 and 3013 AMD events; 7315 and 4753 RVO events; 2780 and 1910 ERM events; and 113 and 64 CSC events in the AS and non-AS groups, respectively. According to the results of Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the AS group demonstrated significantly higher incidences of all macular diseases, including AMD, RVO, ERM, and CSC, compared to the non-AS group (all p &lt; 0.05). The cumulative probabilities of all macular diseases were significantly higher in the AS group than in the non-AS group (all p &lt; 0.05). In the sensitivity analysis, the developmental risks of AMD were significantly higher in the AS group than in the non-AS group with all traits. Conclusions: This study determined that AS occupancy is related to a higher risk of developing macular diseases, which positively correlated to the disease time of AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15060760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T06:02:40Z","timestamp":1742277760000},"page":"760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Relationship Between Aortic Stenosis and the Possibility of Subsequent Macular Diseases: A Nationwide Database Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 10041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung 41265, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun-Fa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa Lin-Chin","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 10041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 22060, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Bin","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Kai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 10041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Aortic stenosis: A review","volume":"74","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aana J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00845-7","article-title":"Calcific aortic valve disease: Mechanisms, prevention and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Moncla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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