{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:41:23Z","timestamp":1792096883578,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Red de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI23\/00046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Red de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/00554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Red de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RICORS-RD24\/0007\/0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RICORS-RD24\/0007\/0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a newly developed index that has been described to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we calculated the METS-IR index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition linked to an elevated CV risk. We then examined its relationship with disease characteristics and CV comorbidities, including disease activity, lipid profile, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance indices. Methods: A total of 515 RA patients were recruited. Disease-related characteristics and disease activity indices, including the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and the Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were calculated. Additionally, the complete lipid profile, insulin resistance indices, metabolic syndrome criteria, and carotid ultrasound for intima\u2013media thickness and carotid plaque detection were assessed. METS-IR was calculated. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the disease characteristics and METS-IR. Results: METS-IR was positively correlated with age, body mass index, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance indices. Carotid intima\u2013media thickness\u2014but not the presence of carotid plaque\u2014was associated with significantly higher METS-IR values. Regarding disease-related characteristics, C-reactive protein and disease activity indices demonstrated a significant positive association with METS-IR after multivariable adjustment. Specifically, C-reactive protein was associated with higher METS-IR values (beta coefficient 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1\u20130.3, p &lt; 0.001). All disease activity indices, except CDAI, showed a significant positive relationship with METS-IR. Conclusions: METS-IR is linked not only to CV risk factors but also, independently, to inflammatory disease activity in patients with RA. Its association with CV events in the general population and disease activity in RA highlights the significant role of inflammation in driving excessive cardiovascular risk in RA. This underscores the intricate relationship between metabolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and CV outcomes in RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15070861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1743159288000},"page":"861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events, Relates to Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4539-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Aznar-Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuensanta","family":"G\u00f3mez-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7600-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Heras-Recuero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"de Vera-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1561-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Quevedo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negr\u00edn, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Quevedo-Abeledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negr\u00edn, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santos","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ferraz-Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102735","article-title":"Beyond the Joints, the Extra-Articular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Conforti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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