{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:10:32Z","timestamp":1760058632582,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006371","name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AUIP), Programa de Becas de Movilidad Acad\u00e9mica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PMG1-2024-044-12","11240623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMG1-2024-044-12","11240623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"ANID, FONDECYT INI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PMG1-2024-044-12","11240623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMG1-2024-044-12","11240623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidad de La Frontera. F.T. acknowledges the Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia for the Special Research Actions Funding 2024","award":["PMG1-2024-044-12","11240623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMG1-2024-044-12","11240623"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-dependent pseudo thrombocytopenia (EDTA-PCTP) is defined as a false in vitro decrease in the platelet count performed in the EDTA tube due to the spontaneous formation of platelet aggregates that prevent a correct count in hematological auto analyzers. The frequency of EDTA-PCTP varies depending on the population studied, ranging from 0.01% to 30.0%. In Chile, although the diagnosis of this condition is performed in clinical laboratories, only a few isolated reports have been described. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of EDTA-PCTP in a cohort of patients who attended an outpatient clinical laboratory in southern Chile over a period of almost 4 years. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Laboratory Information System from January 2021 to November 2024 to identify patients with suspected and confirmed cases of EDTA-PCTP. Results: The prevalence rate observed was 0.044% (12 out of 27,480). Additionally, we established that platelet count measurement from the citrate tube at 2\u20135 h post-sampling was comparable to the platelet count from the EDTA\/K2 tube at time 0 (p &gt; 0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: We conclude that a relatively low prevalence of EDTA-PTCP was identified in a population of patients attending an outpatient laboratory in Chile, marking the first report of its kind in our country. Future studies may validate our findings to enhance understanding of EDTA-PTCP, thereby preventing incorrect diagnoses and treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15081050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T20:38:26Z","timestamp":1745267906000},"page":"1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Report of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid-Dependent Pseudo-Thrombocytopenia in Chile: Prevalence and Laboratory Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Balc\u00e1zar-Villarroel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TecnoMedic Clinical Laboratory, Puerto Montt 5502901, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Carmine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8534-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitari de Ci\u00e8ncia Molecular, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46071 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Birditt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-0146","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia: The good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"22","author":"Ashworth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2019.1637835","article-title":"How I approach new onset thrombocytopenia","volume":"31","author":"Swain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1515\/labmed-2020-0099","article-title":"Pseudo-thrombocytopenia (PTCP). A challenge in the daily laboratory routine?","volume":"44","author":"Mansour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"554","article-title":"Giant Platelets Induce Double Interference in Complete Blood Count","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"61","article-title":"Platelet satellitism in autoimmune hemolytic anemia","volume":"65","author":"Ghariani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urrechaga, E., and Fern\u00e1ndez, M. (2022). Pseudothrombocytopenia and leukocyte scattergrams: A case report. J. Lab. Precis. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.21037\/jlpm-22-42"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.22.4.460","article-title":"Agglutination of platelets by a serum factor in the presence of EDTA","volume":"22","author":"Gowland","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maslanka, K., Marciniak-Bielak, D., and Szczepinski, A. (2008). Pseudothrombocytopenia in blood donors. Vox Sang., 95.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2008.01103.x"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.013","article-title":"Prevalence and course of pseudothrombocytopenia in outpatients","volume":"49","author":"Froom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lardinois, B., Favresse, J., Chatelain, B., Lippi, G., and Mullier, F. (2021). Pseudothrombocytopenia\u2014A Review on Causes, Occurrence and Clinical Implications. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040594"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Experimental analysis and countermeasures for EDTA-dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia","volume":"22","author":"Mao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"476","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia\u2014A caveat","volume":"109","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21818","article-title":"Discovery and Correction of Spurious Low Platelet Counts due to EDTA-Dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohashi-Fukuda, N., Inokuchi, R., Sato, H., Nakamura, K., Iwagami, M., Wada, T., Jona, M., Hisasue, T., Nakajima, S., and Yahagi, N. (2015). Poorer prognosis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia: A single-center case-control study. Medicine, 94.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000674"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05192-8","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia, beyond a laboratory phenomenon: Study of 192 cases","volume":"102","author":"Mojal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Benavente, R., Araya, P., Irausqu\u00edn, M., Peralta, F., and Jara, V. (October, January 30). Pseudotrombocitopenia por \u00e1cido etilendiaminotetraac\u00e9tico (EDTA) e hipocalcemia severa inducida por \u00e1cido valproico: Reporte de un caso. Proceedings of the XLII Congreso Chileno de Medicina Interna, Virtual. Available online: https:\/\/www.smsextar.cl\/archivos\/resumen\/libro_resumen_2021.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kop\u010dinovi\u0107, L., Juri\u010di\u0107, G., Anton\u010di\u0107, D., Smai\u0107, F., \u0160imac, B., Lapi\u0107, I., and Biljak, V. (2024). National recommendations of the Croatian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and Working group for Laboratory Hematology of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: Management of samples with suspected EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia. Biochem. Med., 34.","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2024.030504"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_65_21","article-title":"Platelet count in impedance-based hematology analyzer: Beware of trap!","volume":"17","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Transfus. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baccini, V., Genevi\u00e8ve, F., Jacqmin, H., Chatelain, B., Girard, S., Wuilleme, S., Vedrenne, A., Guiheneuf, E., Toussaint-Hacquard, M., and Everaere, F. (2020). Platelet Counting: Ugly Traps and Good Advice. Proposals from the French-Speaking Cellular Hematology Group (GFHC). J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030808"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13042","article-title":"Digital morphology analyzers in hematology: ICSH review and recommendations","volume":"41","author":"Kratz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0081","article-title":"EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia: Further insights and recommendations for prevention of a clinically threatening artifact","volume":"50","author":"Lippi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000812","article-title":"Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"3","author":"Provan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-023-03672-1","article-title":"Reference guide for the diagnosis of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia, 2023 edition","volume":"119","author":"Kashiwagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"55","article-title":"Pseudotrombocitopenia EDTA-Dependiente: Rol del Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico en la Detecci\u00f3n y el Correcto Contaje Plaquetario","volume":"24","author":"Morales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Fac. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1159\/000373915","article-title":"The Prevalence and Biochemical Profiles of EDTA-Dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia in a Generally Healthy Population","volume":"134","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518809085770","article-title":"EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopaenia: A 12-month epidemiological study","volume":"48","author":"Vicari","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1975.tb01070.x","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia due to platelet aggregation and degranulation in blood collected in EDTA","volume":"15","author":"Mant","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.62118\/jmmc.v12i2.230","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia\u2014Frequency, causes, and evaluation in a clinical laboratory","volume":"12","author":"Noureen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Muhammad Med. Coll."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830500206","article-title":"EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia: A clinical and epidemiological study of 112 cases, with 10-year follow-up","volume":"50","author":"Bizzaro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519709055287","article-title":"Screening for EDTA-dependent deviations in platelet counts and abnormalities in platelet distribution histograms in pseudothrombocytopenia","volume":"57","author":"Bartels","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"6","article-title":"Prevalencia y Causas de Pseudotrombocitopenia en un Hospital de Mendoza","volume":"90","author":"Crimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Bioreview\u00ae"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5935\/1676-2444.20170061","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia: Incidence and strategy for resolution in clinical laboratory","volume":"53","author":"Prates","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"181","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia with multiple anticoagulant sample collection tubes","volume":"8","author":"Kovacs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interv. Med. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.5603\/AHP.a2021.0030","article-title":"Comparison of various diagnostic methods in assessing platelet count in patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"6","author":"Witkowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Haematol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"191","article-title":"Multi-anticoagulant and EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia. Case reports on two pediatric patients","volume":"22","author":"Arghirescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Rom\u00e2n\u0103 Med. Lab."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2247","article-title":"Multicoagulant resistant pseudothrombocytopenia","volume":"71","author":"Waseem","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19406","article-title":"Time-dependent in vitro variations of platelet count in samples from subjects with EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia: A comparative analysis across different anticoagulants","volume":"204","author":"Ghali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"61","article-title":"Identification and validation of a factor of commutability between platelet counts performed on EDTA and citrate","volume":"75","author":"Dumont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Biol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1760231","article-title":"Transient appearance of EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a patient with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-e17-PAWI","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia associated with infectious mononucleosis","volume":"127","author":"Hsieh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050050","article-title":"Transient EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a patient with sepsis","volume":"26","author":"Mori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/8\/1050\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:19:00Z","timestamp":1760030340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/8\/1050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15081050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15081050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]}}}