{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T14:58:07Z","timestamp":1781276287084,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) have multiple effects in daily living, not only for the patients but for their caregivers too. The present systematic review was performed in order to identify if biomarkers, cognitive functions, and personality traits can be considered as important factors for the development and maintenance of these symptoms. Methods: To achieve that, the existing literature spanning the period from 2018 to 2024 was critically analyzed. To be included in the review, a study had to investigate any of the factors mentioned above. In total, 182 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 50 met the inclusion criteria. Results: Most of the studies were focused on the role of biomarkers and found that amyloid \u03b2, tau and phospho-tau protein are closely related to the incidence and the severity of NPS. In fewer studies, cognitive function and personality traits were also associated with NPS. Conclusions: In conclusion, biomarkers, cognitive function and personality traits are associated with NPS, but the underlying mechanisms, still, mostly remain unknown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15091082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T08:08:41Z","timestamp":1745482121000},"page":"1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mapping the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Using Biomarkers, Cognitive Abilities, and Personality Traits: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Chatzikostopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Brain and Behavior, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balcan Center, Buildings A & B, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Greek Association of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Disorders, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0527-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despina","family":"Moraitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Brain and Behavior, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balcan Center, Buildings A & B, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Greek Association of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Disorders, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1064-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Papaliagkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexandrion University Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Tsolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balcan Center, Buildings A & B, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Greek Association of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Disorders, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00236-3","article-title":"Associations of AT (N) biomarkers with neuropsychiatric symptoms in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease and cognitively unimpaired individuals","volume":"10","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. 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