{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:51:10Z","timestamp":1788202270364,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. The incidence and prevalence of the pathogen are increasing worldwide, urging novel approaches to reduce detection turnaround times. H. pylori diagnosis relies on histological examination of gastric biopsies, but interobserver variability considerably impacts its identification. We present an algorithm combining a feature pyramid network and a ResNet architecture for automatic and rapid H. pylori detection in digitized Warthin\u2013Starry-stained gastric biopsies. Methods: Whole-slide images were segmented into manually annotated smaller patches and segments containing stomach tissue were analyzed for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. Patches classified as positive were examined to confirm the presence\/absence of bacteria in contact with the gastric epithelial surface (H. pylori). Results: The algorithm exhibited 0.923 average precision and 0.982 average recall. The conducted efficiency study demonstrated that algorithm utilization significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.001) diagnostic turnaround times for all participants (two pathologists, a pathology resident, a pathology technician, and a biotechnologist), observing an 88.13\u201391.76% time reduction. Implementation of the algorithm also improved diagnostic accuracy for the resident, technician, and biotechnologist, indicating that the tool remarkably supports less experienced personnel. Conclusions: We believe that the incorporation of our algorithm into pathology workflows will help standardize diagnostic protocols and drastically reduce H. pylori diagnostic turnaround times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15091085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T09:26:58Z","timestamp":1745486818000},"page":"1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapid and Efficient Screening of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Samples Stained with Warthin\u2013Starry Using Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Aneiros-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Montero Pav\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital San Juan de la Cruz, 23400 \u00dabeda, Ja\u00e9n, Spain"},{"name":"Cells IA Technologies, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Garc\u00eda G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of C\u00e1diz, 11003 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Palo Prian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismael","family":"S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cells IA Technologies, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of R&D, HT M\u00e9dica, San Juan de Dios Hospital,14960 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Romero Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"L\u00f3pez Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, San Cecilio University Clinic Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Casado-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"S\u00e1nchez Turri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Digestive Tract, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostics, HT M\u00e9dica, Cl\u00ednica Las Nieves, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel \u00c1lvaro","family":"Berb\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cells IA Technologies, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of R&D, HT M\u00e9dica, San Juan de Dios Hospital,14960 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92719-8","article-title":"Unidentified Curved Bacilli on Gastric Epithelium in Active Chronic Gastritis","volume":"321","author":"Marshall","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"993","article-title":"The Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2005. 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