{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:18:59Z","timestamp":1793049539792,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) agreement: FOSISS-CONACYT","award":["2015-3-261661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-3-261661"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) agreement: FOSISS-CONACYT","award":["3300-11402-01-575-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3300-11402-01-575-17"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Mexicana Para la Salud A.C (FUNSALUD)","award":["2015-3-261661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-3-261661"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a4y0m94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Mexicana Para la Salud A.C (FUNSALUD)","award":["3300-11402-01-575-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3300-11402-01-575-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a4y0m94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Insulin resistance during pregnancy is a key factor underlying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). While traditional markers, such as HOMA-IR, are used to evaluate insulin resistance, they may be inaccessible in resource-limited settings. The triglyceride\u2013glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a practical alternative. This study aimed to assess whether or not a TyG index &gt; 8.6 during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of APOs, including GDM, preeclampsia, and other maternal and neonatal complications. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 333 pregnant women in Mexico City, divided into two groups: Group 1 (TyG index &gt; 8.6, n = 153) and Group 2 (TyG index \u2264 8.6, n = 180). Primary outcomes included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for maternal age, pregestational weight, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Women with a TyG index &gt; 8.6 had a significantly higher pregestational weight and BMI than those with a TyG index \u2264 8.6. Group 1 demonstrated a higher risk of GDM (RR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.23\u20133.41) and preeclampsia (RR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.10\u20134.21). After adjusting for maternal age, pregestational weight, and BMI, these associations remained significant: GDM (aRR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.0\u20132.5) and preeclampsia (aRR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.1\u20135.0). No significant associations were found between an elevated TyG index and other APOs, including LGA, SGA, preterm birth, or cesarean delivery. Conclusions: A first-trimester TyG index &gt; 8.6 is significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM and preeclampsia, highlighting its potential as a predictive marker for adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings underscore the utility of the TyG index as a practical, cost-effective tool for early risk stratification, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further multi-center research is needed to validate these results and refine population-specific thresholds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15091129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:17:12Z","timestamp":1745903832000},"page":"1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association of the Triglyceride\u2013Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Gurza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayeli","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Lizano-Jubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico, Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Arce-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca Vianey","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Estrada-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5057-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Montoya-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-533X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Romo-Ya\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Mario","family":"Solis-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnatan","family":"Torres-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1631-0244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ludlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameyalli Mariana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maricruz","family":"Tolentino-Dolores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de 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