{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:37:32Z","timestamp":1787506652254,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Preterm delivery is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally, with inflammation playing a crucial role in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of systemic inflammatory response indices in identifying pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 1128 pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 2020 and 2025. Patients were classified into two groups: preterm delivery (n = 528) and term delivery (n = 600). Demographic characteristics, obstetric history, neonatal outcomes, and inflammatory indices were compared. Results: The preterm delivery group showed a significantly higher systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) (p &lt; 0.001), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (p &lt; 0.001), neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p &lt; 0.001), and monocyte\/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) (p &lt; 0.001) than the term delivery group, while platelet\/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were significantly lower (p = 0.002). Inflammatory indices were higher in early preterm delivery cases (p &lt; 0.001) than in middle and late preterm cases. Multivariate logistic regression identified the SIRI (p = 0.015) and NLR (p &lt; 0.001) as independent predictors of preterm delivery, while the PLR showed an inverse association (p = 0.002). Higher inflammatory indices correlated with lower 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores (p &lt; 0.001) and increased neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates (p &lt; 0.001). NICU stay was prolonged in neonates born to mothers with elevated SIRI and NLR levels (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Integrating these inflammatory indices into obstetric risk assessment may enhance early detection and intervention strategies, potentially improving maternal and neonatal prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15101188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T06:47:15Z","timestamp":1746686835000},"page":"1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Inflammatory Indices and Preterm Delivery: A New Horizon in Obstetric Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samet","family":"K\u0131rat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hrubaru, I., Motoc, A., Moise, M.L., Miutescu, B., Citu, I.M., Pingilati, R.A., Popescu, D.E., Dumitru, C., Gorun, F., and Olaru, F. 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