{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:08:45Z","timestamp":1784862525853,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Blue Earth Diagnostics (United Kingdom)","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the detection rates (DR) of the three FDA-approved PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Methods: Two individuals systematically searched MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Libraries (February 2025), and independently reviewed all results to identify studies reporting patient-level 68Ga-PSMA-11, 18F-DCFPyL, or 18F-flotufolastat DR in \u2265100 evaluable patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Sample-weighted means (SWM) of extracted DR were calculated. Results: Of 5059 published articles, 37 met our inclusion criteria, reporting data from 8843 patients undergoing 68Ga-PSMA-11 (n = 27), 18F-DCFPyL (n = 8), or 18F-flotufolastat (n = 2) studies. Heterogeneity was noted across enrolled populations, particularly in prior treatments. 68Ga-PSMA-11 studies recruited patients with marginally higher median PSA than 18F-DCFPyL or 18F-flotufolastat studies (median PSA ranged from 0.1 to 10.7, 0.2\u20132.5, and 0.6\u20131.1, respectively). Reported overall DR ranged from 25 to 91% for 68Ga-PSMA-11, 49\u201386% for 18F-DCFPyL, and 73\u201383% for 18F-flotufolastat, with SWM of 71%, 66%, and 79%, respectively. Post-prostatectomy DR were reported in 18 articles, resulting in SWM DR of 58% for 68Ga-PSMA-11 (n = 12), 55% for 18F-DCFPyL (n = 4), and 76% for 18F-flotufolastat (n = 2). Among post-radiotherapy patients, SWM were 87% for 68Ga-PSMA-11 (n = 4), 90% for 18F-DCFPyL (n = 2), and 99% for 18F-flotufolastat (n = 1). SWM DR at PSA &lt; 1 ng\/mL were 53%, 42%, and 66% for 68Ga-PSMA-11 (n = 13), 18F-DCFPyL (n = 5), and 18F-flotufolastat (n = 2), respectively. Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity exists across populations in studies of diagnostic PET radiopharmaceuticals. Despite a paucity of 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-flotufolastat studies compared with 68Ga-PSMA-11, the available data suggest that all three radiopharmaceuticals provide high overall DR in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15101224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1747128408000},"page":"1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Detection Rates of PSMA-PET Radiopharmaceuticals in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soroush","family":"Rais-Bahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"O\u2019Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Earth Diagnostics Inc., Needham, MA 02494, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd., Oxford OX4 4GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Galgano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian F.","family":"Chapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3077-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona M.","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd., Oxford OX4 4GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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