{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:36:47Z","timestamp":1771933007858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Postoperative fluid collections (POFCs) after abdominal surgeries, particularly pancreatic surgeries, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and were historically managed with surgical re-exploration and drainage. In particular, postoperative pancreatic fluid collections (PPFCs) are the most common complications after pancreatic surgery resulting from pancreatic leaks. They occur in up to 50% of cases, and approximately 10% of them need to be drained to avoid further sequelae. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage of PPFCs represents the first-line treatment nowadays, but many aspects are still debated. Methods: We describe a retrospective case series of patients from multiple Italian centers who underwent EUS-guided drainage (EUS-D) of POFCs, aiming to provide data on the efficacy and safety of this procedure, supported by a review of the existing literature on this topic. The primary outcomes were technical and clinical success, and the secondary outcomes were the type and rate of adverse events (AEs) and the rate of recurrence. Results: A total of 47 patients were included. The procedure demonstrated a technical success rate of 98% (46\/47) and a clinical success rate of 96% (45\/47). The rate of AEs was 11% (5\/47), represented by bleeding (3\/5), stent occlusion (1\/5), and buried syndrome (1\/5). Conclusions: Management of POFCs has shifted over time towards an endoscopic approach with optimal efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15101258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T06:59:16Z","timestamp":1747292356000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Management of Postoperative Pancreatic Fluid Collection and Role of Endoscopy: A Case Series and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Coluccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec-Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8791-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1045-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7400-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Forti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Ca\u2019 Granda Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano Francesco","family":"Crin\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Diagnostic and Interventional Endoscopy of the Pancreas, The Pancreas Institute, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0485-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fugazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS\u2014Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Di Mitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, \u201cARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli\u201d Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec-Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Trama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec-Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Redaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8758-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germana","family":"De Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, 20024 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabia","family":"Attili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopia Digestiva, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Luciano","family":"Brancaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio Giovanni","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Lovera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25133 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Facciorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1021-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Anderloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec-Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.08.011","article-title":"EUS-guided drainage of postsurgical fluid collections using lumen-apposing metal stents: A multicenter study","volume":"87","author":"Mudireddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest. 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