{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:21:29Z","timestamp":1789176089079,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (PMNE) and vitamin D deficiency in children. Patients and Methods: This retrospective case\u2013control study included 307 PMNE patients aged 5\u201318 years and 254 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Demographic data and biochemical parameters of the participants were obtained from hospital records. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The Mann\u2013Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in the PMNE group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The rate of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the PMNE group. Vitamin D deficiency (OR: 3.164, 95% CI: 1.195\u20138.378, p = 0.02) and family history of enuresis (OR: 2.790, 95% CI: 1.01\u20135.8, p = 0.04) were found to be independent associated factors for PMNE. A significant negative correlation was found between serum vitamin D level and weekly bedwetting frequency (r = \u22120.377, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in the PMNE group (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen\u2019s d = 0.89). It is recommended that vitamin D levels should be routinely evaluated in children with PMNE and the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation should be investigated in prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15111345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1748325172000},"page":"1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is There a Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5797-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulgani","family":"G\u00fcly\u00fcz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut \u00d6zal University, 06560 Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.10.043","article-title":"Evaluation of and Treatment for Monosymptomatic Enuresis: A Standardization Document from the International Children\u2019s Continence Society","volume":"183","author":"Neveus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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