{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:14Z","timestamp":1760059274150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The role of the vitreous in the effective lens position (ELP) is controversial in patients undergoing phacovitrectomy. The aim of this study was to compare the change in aqueous depth (AD), a surrogate of the ELP, in non-vitrectomized and vitrectomized fellow eyes. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a prospective study conducted in OMIQ facilities (Barcelona, Spain) between 2021 and 2023. Patients with bilateral cataracts and a unilateral grade 2\/3 epiretinal membrane underwent phacoemulsification in one eye and phacovitrectomy without endotamponade in the fellow eye. All eyes were implanted with an extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens after power calculation using the same biometer, technicians, formula, and surgeon. We compared the change in AD (mm and percentage) from baseline, and the role of vitrectomy without endotamponade on AD with a mixed-effects models. Results: We included 40 eyes (20 patients) with a mean age of 71.6 years, with 55% females. The mean change in AD was +1.51 (vitrectomized) and +1.42 mm (non-vitrectomized eyes), p = 0.33. The percent of change in AD was not different between groups (p \u2265 0.38) and phacovitrectomy had no effect on the change in AD on mixed-effects models (p &gt; 0.10). Conclusions: The absence of the vitreous had a minimal influence on AD in these patients undergoing standard phacoemulsification or phacovitrectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15111429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T06:00:49Z","timestamp":1749016849000},"page":"1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Aqueous Depth Changes Following Cataract Surgery in Vitrectomized and Non-Vitrectomized Fellow Eyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-5307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Guarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia M\u00e8dica i Quir\u00fargica Research, c\/Tamarit 39, 08905 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital General de Granollers, Avda Francesc Ribas s\/n, 08402 Granollers, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sararols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia M\u00e8dica i Quir\u00fargica Research, c\/Tamarit 39, 08905 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital General de Granollers, Avda Francesc Ribas s\/n, 08402 Granollers, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia M\u00e8dica i Quir\u00fargica Research, c\/Tamarit 39, 08905 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meritxell","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia M\u00e8dica i Quir\u00fargica Research, c\/Tamarit 39, 08905 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia M\u00e8dica i Quir\u00fargica Research, c\/Tamarit 39, 08905 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2584-4894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Biarn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia M\u00e8dica i Quir\u00fargica Research, c\/Tamarit 39, 08905 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(99)00022-X","article-title":"Combined Clear Corneal Phacoemulsification, Vitreoretinal Surgery, and Intraocular Lens Implantation","volume":"25","author":"Scharwey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01972-4","article-title":"Combined Phacoemulsification, Intraocular Lens Implantation, and Vitrectomy for Eyes with Coexisting Cataract and Vitreoretinal Pathology","volume":"135","author":"Demetriades","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"CD006366","article-title":"Surgery for Postvitrectomy Cataract","volume":"1","author":"Do","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.02.037","article-title":"The LISA-PPV Formula: An Ensemble Artificial Intelligence-Based Thick Intraocular Lens Calculation Formula for Vitrectomized Eyes","volume":"262","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.10.021","article-title":"Effect of Gas Tamponade on the Intraocular Lens Position and Refractive Error after Phacovitrectomy: A Swept-Source Anterior Segment OCT Analysis","volume":"127","author":"Shiraki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.05.031","article-title":"Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Estimation in Eyes Having Phacovitrectomy for Macular Holes","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.04.012","article-title":"Refractive Changes after Vitrectomy and Phacovitrectomy for Macular Hole and Epiretinal Membrane","volume":"39","author":"Hamoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.09.017","article-title":"Factors Influencing Refractive Outcomes after Combined Phacoemulsification and Pars Plana Vitrectomy: Results of a Prospective Study","volume":"33","author":"Jeoung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3994-9","article-title":"The Role of the Vitreous Body in Effective IOL Positioning","volume":"256","author":"Fils","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.06.021","article-title":"Accuracy of Preoperative Biometry in Vitrectomy Combined with Cataract Surgery for Patients with Epiretinal Membranes and Macular Holes: Results of a Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"34","author":"Benesch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.006","article-title":"Insights into Epiretinal Membranes: Presence of Ectopic Inner Foveal Layers and a New Optical Coherence Tomography Staging Scheme","volume":"175","author":"Govetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","article-title":"No Adjustments Are Needed for Multiple Comparisons","volume":"1","author":"Rothman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.10.031","article-title":"Sources of Error in Intraocular Lens Power Calculation","volume":"34","author":"Norrby","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, S., Ng, J., Hildreth, A., Danjoux, J.P., and Steel, D.H.W. (2008). Refractive Change Following Pseudophakic Vitrectomy. BMC Ophthalmol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-8-19"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2802","article-title":"Refractive Shifts in Four Selected Artificial Vitreous Substitutes Based on Gullstrand-Emsley and Liou-Brennan Schematic Eyes","volume":"50","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.161729","article-title":"Evaluation of the Lenstar LS 900 Non-Contact Biometer","volume":"94","author":"Cruysberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2007.00879.x","article-title":"Calculation of Intraocular Lens Power: A Review","volume":"85","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"15192","article-title":"Influence of Combined Phacovitrectomy without Tamponade on Intraocular Lens Displacement and Postoperative Refraction","volume":"100","author":"Hirnschall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001228","article-title":"Influence of Endotamponade on Anterior Chamber Depth and Refractive Outcome after Combined Phacovitrectomy: Case-Control Study","volume":"49","author":"Chatzimichail","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-021-00285-w","article-title":"Changes in Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy without Tamponade","volume":"7","author":"Khodabande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231184502","article-title":"Refractive Outcome in Combined Phacovitrectomy: Anterior Segment Changes and Corrective Factor for IOL Power Calculation Improvement","volume":"34","author":"Crincoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(97)80319-7","article-title":"Change in postoperative refractive error when vitrectomy is added to intraocular lens implantation","volume":"23","author":"Shioya","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-19950901-09","article-title":"Combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag: A comparison to vitrectomy and subsequent cataract surgery as a two-step procedure","volume":"26","author":"Senn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-20000701-03","article-title":"Postoperative refractive error after simultaneous vitrectomy and cataract surgery","volume":"31","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00772.x","article-title":"Intraocular lens power calculation for combined cataract surgery, vitrectomy and peeling of epiretinal membranes for macular oedema","volume":"85","author":"Ferencz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-135","article-title":"Myopic shift after combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy with gas tamponade","volume":"43","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.09.020","article-title":"Optical biometry in combined phacovitrectomy","volume":"35","author":"Manvikar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2011.632107","article-title":"Effects of the intraocular lens type on refractive error following phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade","volume":"36","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01752.x","article-title":"Improving intraocular lens power prediction in combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in eyes with macular oedema","volume":"89","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04583-w","article-title":"Comparison of postoperative refractive outcome in eyes undergoing combined phacovitrectomy vs cataract surgery following vitrectomy","volume":"258","author":"Tranos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graziano, F., Valsecchi, M.G., and Rebora, P. (2021). Sampling Strategies to Evaluate the Prognostic Value of a New Biomarker on a Time-to-Event End-Point. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01283-0"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241229468","article-title":"Incidence and Predisposing Factors of Intraocular Lens Tilt Following Secondary Ciliary Sulcus Implantation in Children: An Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Study","volume":"34","author":"Farag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14418","article-title":"Axial Length Adjustment in Eyes with Silicone Oil Endotamponade Reduces Overestimation by a Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Biometer","volume":"52","author":"Kaiser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.11.10","article-title":"Comparison of Postoperative Anterior Segment Changes Associated with Pars Plana Vitrectomy with and without Vitreous Base Shaving","volume":"13","author":"Toklu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"e78850","article-title":"Navigating Retinal Complications and Refractive Outcomes in High Myopia: A Case Report with Multi-Surgical Interventions","volume":"17","author":"Szala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S457416","article-title":"Cataract Outcomes Following Scleral Buckle Surgery for Retinal Detachment","volume":"18","author":"Devireddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001111","article-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Studies on the Effects of Capsular Tension Ring on Surgical Outcomes of Trifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation","volume":"49","author":"Sugita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231223997","article-title":"Comparison of Intraocular Lens Tilt after Capsular Sutured Scleral Fixation with Capsular Segments versus Uneventful Cataract Surgery","volume":"34","author":"Corretger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32833303bf","article-title":"Cataract Surgery after Pars Plana Vitrectomy","volume":"21","author":"Shousha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/11\/1429\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:46:24Z","timestamp":1760031984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/11\/1429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15111429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15111429","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}