{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:23:17Z","timestamp":1760059397898,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders in which a mutation in the \u03b2-globin (HBB) gene causes red blood cells to produce abnormal hemoglobin, known as Hb S. SCD is characterized by an autosomal-recessive pattern of inheritance, implying that for a child to manifest the condition, they must inherit an Hb S allele from both parents (HbSS) or one Hb S allele and another \u03b2-globin variant, such as Hb C or \u03b2-thalassemia (HbSC, HbS\/\u03b2-thal). It has been observed that (heterozygote) carriers of one copy of the sickle-cell trait (HbAS) are typically healthy and can even gain partial protection from severe malaria. The term \u201csevere and complicated malaria\u201d is delineated based on specific clinical and laboratory characteristics in the presence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. The prevalent forms of severe malaria among African children include cerebral malaria, respiratory distress, and severe malaria anemia. Cerebral malaria is a rare complication of malaria infection and is associated with a high mortality rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15121470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T03:54:18Z","timestamp":1749527658000},"page":"1470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Encephalitis Unraveled: The Unlikely Encounter of Sickle Cell Disease and Cerebral Malaria in a Teenager"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Christer","family":"Ruff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls-University T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonie","family":"Zerweck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls-University T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bevot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Remppis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls-University T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Ernemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls-University T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7596-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Gohla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls-University T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00153-5","article-title":"Sickle cell anaemia and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A secondary analysis of the Transfusion and Treatment of African Children Trial (TRACT)","volume":"6","author":"Uyoga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). World Malaria Report 2024: Addressing Inequity in the Global Malaria Response, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oxendine Harp, K., Bashi, A., Botchway, F., Addo-Gyan, D., Tetteh-Tsifoanya, M., Lamptey, A., Djameh, G., Iqbal, S.A., Lekpor, C., and Banerjee, S. (2023). Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Genotypes Affect Malaria Parasite Growth and Correlate with Exosomal miR-451a and let-7i-5p Levels. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087546"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.02.010","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in children with retinopathy-confirmed cerebral malaria","volume":"74","author":"Potchen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3035","article-title":"Acute brain MRI findings in 120 Malawian children with cerebral malaria: New insights into an ancient disease","volume":"33","author":"Potchen","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1568","article-title":"Imaging cerebral malaria with a susceptibility-weighted MR sequence","volume":"30","author":"Nickerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir812","article-title":"Sequestration and microvascular congestion are associated with coma in human cerebral malaria","volume":"205","author":"Ponsford","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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