{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T20:06:25Z","timestamp":1768680385205,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: With technological advancements, fabricated block onlay allografts have been developed, particularly for grafting severely resorbed alveolar crests before implant surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the alveolar crest lengths of the edentulous maxilla and mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to investigate their correlations with gender and age. The data obtained will serve as preliminary input for block onlay allograft production. Methods: CBCT scans of 451 participants and 595 edentulous jaws were analyzed. The following measurements were taken: the distance between the zygomatic buttress projection and the infraorbital foramen projection onto the crest (U1, U4); from the infraorbital foramen projection to the incisive canal (U2, U3); between the midpoint of the linea obliqua externa projection and the mental foramen projection (L1, L4); and from the mental foramen projection to the midline at the incisive canal level (L2, L3). Measurements were compared across gender and age groups. Results: No significant differences were observed in maxillary measurements between genders. However, the values of L1, L2, and L4 in males were significantly higher than those in females (p &lt; 0.05). Age did not affect substantially most measurements, except for L4, where individuals over 70 years had lower mean values than those under 50 years (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The mandibular posterior region demonstrated the most prominent residual alveolar crest. Mandibular crest lengths were significantly greater in males. Although age showed a limited impact, a reduction in posterior mandibular crest length was evident in individuals over 70 years compared to younger individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15121525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1750051713000},"page":"1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CBCT-Based Anthropometric Evaluation of Edentulous Alveolar Crest Lengths"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgun","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, G\u00fclhane School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda","family":"Izgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, 43020 K\u00fctahya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Clinic, 06510 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orhan","family":"Gulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DentisTomo Dental Imaging Center, 06420 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ar\u0131, I., Acar, G., Tosun, E., and Muhtaro\u011fullar\u0131, M. (2024). Assessment of different treatment alternatives for patients with total maxillectomy. J. Prosthodont., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13947"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acar, G., Ari, I., and Tosun, E. (2024). Biomechanical evaluation of implant options for unilateral maxillary defects: A finite element analysis. BMC Oral. Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05100-0"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-019-01236-7","article-title":"Quantitative Assessment of the Edentulous Posterior Maxilla for Implant Therapy: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Study","volume":"19","author":"Padhye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2174\/1573405615666191212105745","article-title":"Cone Beam CT Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor and Alveolar Crest Anatomy for the Safe Placement of Implants","volume":"16","author":"Orhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199602)244:2<139::AID-AR1>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Perspectives: A proposed general model of the \u201cMechanostat\u201d (Suggestions from a new skeletal-biologic paradigm)","volume":"244","author":"Frost","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e986","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.59033","article-title":"Dentulous versus edentulous mandibles: CBCT-based morphometric assessment of mandibular canal and alveolar bone","volume":"14","author":"Saeed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.52403\/ijrr.20230763","article-title":"CBCT Based Pre-Implant Assessment of Maxilla and Mandible\u2014An Insight to Vital Anatomical Structures","volume":"10","author":"Narmadha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000489","article-title":"Ridge Dimensions of the Edentulous Mandible in Posterior Sextants: An Observational Study on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Radiographs","volume":"26","author":"Bressan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-2095-0","article-title":"Alveolar ridge dimensions in mandibular posterior regions: A retrospective comparative study of dentate and edentulous sites using computerized tomography data","volume":"40","author":"Pramstraller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shemtov-Yona, K. (2021). Quantitative assessment of the jawbone quality classification: A meta-analysis study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253283"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000673","article-title":"Cone-beam CT versus multi-slice CT systems for postoperative imaging of cochlear implantation--a phantom study on image quality and radiation exposure using human temporal bones","volume":"36","author":"Theunisse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"463","article-title":"The use of 3 different imaging methods for the localization of the mandibular canal in dental implant planning","volume":"23","author":"Peker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"27","article-title":"Morphologic changes of the mandible after extraction and wearing of dentures. A longitudinal, clinical, and x-ray cephalometric study covering 5 years","volume":"18","author":"Carlsson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Odontol. Revy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01482.x","article-title":"Alveolar bone dimensional changes of post-extraction sockets in humans: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Slot","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14052","article-title":"Implant survival in the anterior mandible: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Pedrinaci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104323","article-title":"Custom-made computer-aided-design\/computer-assisted-manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) synthetic bone grafts for alveolar ridge augmentation: A retrospective clinical study with 3 years of follow-up","volume":"127","author":"Mangano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03986-6","article-title":"Clinical and esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placement compared to alveolar ridge preservation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Mareque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.01.014","article-title":"Morbidity associated with iliac crest harvesting in the treatment of maxillary and mandibular atrophies: A 10-year analysis","volume":"69","author":"Barone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0334","article-title":"The safety of bone allografts used in dentistry: A review","volume":"139","author":"Holtzclaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.05.012","article-title":"Mandibular fibular graft reconstruction with CAD\/CAM technology: A clinical report and literature review","volume":"115","author":"Mehra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-17-00125","article-title":"Prosthetically CAD-CAM-Guided Bone Augmentation of Atrophic Jaws Using Customized Titanium Mesh: Preliminary Results of an Open Prospective Study","volume":"44","author":"Ciocca","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13347","article-title":"Buccal bone thickness of maxillary anterior teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Tsigarida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2020.50.1.28","article-title":"Radiomorphometric analysis of edentulous posterior mandibular ridges in the first molar region: A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"50","author":"Magat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Implant. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12292","article-title":"Residual ridge dimensions at edentulous maxillary first molar sites and periodontal bone loss among two ethnic cohorts seeking tooth replacement","volume":"25","author":"Acharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02489-5","article-title":"Bifid mandibular canals: CBCT assessment and macroscopic observation","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/94303","article-title":"Evaluation of anatomical structures and variations in the maxilla and the mandible before dental implant treatment","volume":"55","author":"Duruel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Med Probl."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"126","article-title":"Post-extraction dimensional changes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Stuhr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.130608","article-title":"Dental arch asymmetry","volume":"8","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2277","article-title":"Tooth Size and Dental Arch Dimension Measurement through Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Effect of Age and Gender","volume":"3","author":"Alam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Recent Sci."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/12\/1525\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:52:41Z","timestamp":1760032361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/12\/1525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15121525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15121525","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]}}}