{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:26:07Z","timestamp":1760059567485,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Currently, the Meares\u2013Stamey 4-glass and the 2-glass tests are used for diagnosing chronic prostatitis subtypes. Both tests include prostatic massage. Failure to extract prostatic secretions\u2014for any reason\u2014can result in a non-diagnostic test. Evidence from everyday practice and studies shows that expressed prostatic secretions are successfully recovered in less than 50% of the examined patients, and an important number of post-massage urine samples are missing prostatic secretions. This study evaluated a simpler test, the 3-glass (pre-ejaculation, ejaculation, and post-ejaculation) test. We compared it with the 4-glass and the 2-glass tests to detect inflammation and bacteria in men with chronic prostatitis symptoms. Methods: The study population included patients with chronic prostatitis symptoms. Subjects were assigned in each visit to undergo either the 4-glass, the 2-glass test, or the 3-glass test. The comparison among the three tests was based on the percentage of bacterial detection, the percentage of false-negative diagnoses, and the percentage of shifts among chronic prostatitis subtypes in the follow-up visits of recurrent patients. Results: A total of 157 patients were finally evaluated. Fifty-nine (59) patients underwent the 4-glass test (Group A), sixty-seven (67) underwent the 3-glass test (Group B), and thirty-one (31) underwent the 2-glass test (Group C). No statistically significant differences in the comparisons above were found. Conclusions: A comparison of the three diagnostic tests showed equivalence of the total ejaculate culture-based 3-glass test to the conventional prostatic secretion culture-based tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15131589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T07:42:34Z","timestamp":1750664554000},"page":"1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-Glass Test to Culture Prostate Secretion and Semen of Chronic Prostatitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Stamatiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Tzaneio General Prefecture Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8940-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hippocrates","family":"Moschouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Tzaneio General Prefecture Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tzelepis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, 18450 Nikaia, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Perletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospitals, 20026 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/099.2022","article-title":"Etiolog\u00eda microbiana de la prostatitis cr\u00f3nica bacteriana: Revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica [Microbial etiology of bacterial chronic prostatitis: Systematic review]","volume":"36","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. 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Assess."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/13\/1589\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:57:00Z","timestamp":1760032620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/13\/1589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15131589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15131589","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]}}}