{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:01:39Z","timestamp":1783947699681,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP19678324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP19678324"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the main causes of obstetric complications and leads to both maternal and neonatal mortality. The maternal innate immune system plays an important role throughout pregnancy by providing protection against pathogens, while simultaneously inducing tolerance to a semi-allogenic developing fetus and placental development. Background\/Objectives: To conduct a comparative study of immunological markers in the blood and placenta in preeclampsia. Methods: A total of 35 pregnant women were enrolled in a comparative study with preeclampsia (7) and with physiological pregnancy (28). A study of the immune status in peripheral blood and placenta was conducted with an examination of the subpopulation of lymphocytes profile and intracellular cytokines production by flow cytometry. Results: In the blood of pregnant women with PE, there was a decrease in CD14+ monocytes, as well as a significant increase of natural killers CD16+, CD56+ and activation markers HLA-DR+ and CD95+, as well as a significant rise in production of IL-10, TNF, Perforin, GM-CSF, and IGF. At the same time, in placental tissue in patients with preeclampsia, on the contrary, a significant decrease in regulatory cells CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD56+, CD59+, activation markers CD95+, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, growth factors VEGFR and IGF was detected. Conclusions: The maternal\u2013fetal immune profile is crucial for successful fetal development and dysregulation of T-, B-, and NK cells can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the development of preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15131644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1751259637000},"page":"1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Systemic and Local Immunological Markers in Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1859-3903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almagul","family":"Kurmanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3428-2998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altynay","family":"Nurmakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategic Development and Science, Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 125 Dostyk Ave., 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Clinical Genetics, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole bi Ave., 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7933-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damilya","family":"Salimbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategic Development and Science, Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 125 Dostyk Ave., 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Clinical Genetics, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole bi Ave., 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulfiruz","family":"Urazbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategic Development and Science, Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 125 Dostyk Ave., 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaukhar","family":"Kurmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9486-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalya","family":"Kravtsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategic Development and Science, Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 125 Dostyk Ave., 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanar","family":"Kypshakbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6613-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madina","family":"Khalmirzaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, K.J., Seow, K.M., and Chen, K.H. 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