{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:34:20Z","timestamp":1782844460480,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a rare benign tumor that has potential for malignant transformation, usually into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The pre-operative differentiation between SNIP and SNIP-SCC is essential in determining the therapeutic strategy, but it is a challenge, as biopsies may fail to recognize the malignant part of the tumor. Further, a SNIP can also be locally aggressive and thus mimic a malignant tumor. This retrospective study compares the pre-operative differences in computed tomography (CT) and histologic findings between patients with a benign SNIP and those with a SNIP-SCC. Methods: Eight patients with SNIP-SCC were selected from the hospital registries of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital (Helsinki, Finland). For each case a comparable SNIP case without malignancy was selected. Five histopathologic samples of both the SNIP and SNIP-SCC tumors were retrieved. CT images and the histopathologic samples were re-evaluated by two observers. Results: The nasal cavity and ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were the most common sites for both tumor types. The SNIP tumors were mostly unilateral, and the SNIP-SCC tumors were both unilateral and bilateral. Only SNIP-SCC tumors demonstrated bone defects and orbital or intracranial invasion. Dysplastic findings such as dyskeratosis, nuclear atypia, and maturation disturbances were seen only in the SNIP-SCC tumors. Conclusions: Bony destruction and invasion of adjacent structures in pre-operative CT images seem to be pathognomonic signs of SNIP-SCC based on this series. To differentiate between SNIP and SNIP-SCC tumors all available pre-operative investigations are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15131645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1751259637000},"page":"1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differences in Imaging and Histology Between Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma with and Without Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7523-861X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niina","family":"Kuusisto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Hagstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Kurdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaro","family":"Haapaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Markkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Lilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Barnes, L., Eveson, J., Reichart, P., and Sidransky, D. 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